Browsing by Author "Hort J"
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- ItemDevelopment of a consumer-led emotion lexicon for meat and plant-based burger patties using digitally recreated eating contexts(2023-06-01) Orr RE; Giezenaar C; Godfrey AJR; Hort JThe decision to consume novel foods such as plant-based meat alternatives is often determined by emotional response. Generic food emotion lexicons are available for measuring emotional response, however, such lexicons may not capture the nuanced emotions associated with novel products. Here, an emotion lexicon specific to meat and plant-based burger patties was developed. Discussion groups, where participants were digitally immersed in two typical burger eating environments, were used to generate relevant emotion terms toward different patties. A range of consumers contributed to the lexicon including users and nonusers of meat alternatives, two age groups, and three dietary groups. Subsequently, an on-line sorting task followed by hierarchical clustering was used to reduce the size of the lexicon. The final lexicon contained 24 emotion categories. The lexicon shared terms with generic lexicons but notably contained other emotions associated with food neophobia, uncertainty, and deception. Practical Applications: The results of this study provide an emotion lexicon specific to burger patties of meat and plant-based origins. Currently no emotion lexicon has been developed for plant-based patties, or plant-based meat alternatives in general. It provides an important tool for further research concerning links between sensory and emotional drivers of plant-based patty consumption across different types of patty consumers and has potential to be adopted for a wider product set.
- ItemEffect of sipping method on sensory response to single and multiple sips of vanilla milkshake using temporal-check-all-that-apply(Wiley Periodicals LLC, 2022-10-05) Weerawarna N.R.P M; Godfrey AJR; Ellis A; Hort JWhether drinking from a cup versus through a straw effects sensory perception is inconclusive, as is whether such differences hold across and within multiple sips. This study aimed to determine if product profiles and product discrimination varied depending on whether a product was sipped from a cup or through a straw. An expert panel (n = 9) investigated differences in temporal profiles of six milkshakes across sipping methods. Temporal discrimination across eight attributes was analyzed on selected time slices, across eight sips using generalized linear model Analysis of Deviance. Sweetness, vanilla, astringency, and liquorice attributes were cited significantly more often sipping through a straw, however sipping from a cup showed more significant attribute discriminations across products. Attribute discrimination was increased across multiple sips compared to sip one. Multiple sip TCATA analysis showed significant effects of sipping method within-sips and over multiple sips emphasizing the effects of sipping method on multiple sip TCATA product discriminations. Practical Applications: Milkshakes are often sold in bottles (enabling consumption either directly from the bottle or from a cup) or as on-the-go packs with a straw. This study showed that the sensory profile of milkshake varied depending on whether sipped from a cup or through a straw. However, often-sensory evaluations of beverages are performed by tasting from a cup. This indicates an important practical consideration in terms of sensory study design regarding evaluating products in the intended consumption format or formats. The findings also highlighted the importance of evaluating product volume (or weight) equivalent to single serving size to capture consumer experience closer to actual consumption occasions, as differences in response to one sip changed across multiple sips.
- ItemExploring consumer and wine expert views towards verjuice: a grape-based product made from a viticultural waste(2022-09-20) Dupas de Matos A; Maggs R; Hort J
- ItemIdentifying temporal drivers of product acceptance and rejection across sips during whole product consumption(John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2023-10) Weerawarna N. R. P. M; Godfrey AJR; Ellis A; Hort JMeasuring emotional response gives insights into consumer product experiences beyond liking. However, existing research rarely considers that emotional and hedonic responses can change during consumption of a whole portion. This research considered how well a combined multiple-sip temporal check-all-that-apply approach captured temporal drivers of product acceptance and rejection. Consumers (n = 104) profiled temporal sensory, liking and emotional responses to three milkshakes. Associations in temporal sensory, liking and emotional response citation pattern across multiple sips were investigated using generalized linear models, analysis of deviance and Pearson's chi-square test. Differences in the temporal dynamics of sensory, liking and emotional responses and associations between temporal sensory and affective responses were identified highlighting liking and emotional experience were related to the evolution of sensory attributes over time. Notably, sensory associations with emotional responses, including “bored,” “relaxed,” and “satisfied,” were better at identifying temporal drivers of acceptance/rejection more than associations to level of liking. Practical Applications: The research demonstrated that a combined multiple-sip temporal check-all-that-apply (TCATA) approach, representing whole product consumption, is an effective approach to gain deeper insights into the sensory drivers of consumer affective response. However, the applicability of analyzing within-sip variations in perception, and potential to use check all that apply by sip as opposed to TCATA needs to be considered on a product category basis.
- ItemOn-the-Pack Voluntary Well-Being Messaging for Milks Targeting Chinese Older Adults: A Content Analysis(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-08) Chen A; Moradi S; Hort J; Byrne DVChina is experiencing severe population aging. Given that milks targeting older adults are one of the most popular foods designed for Chinese older adults (COA), this study investigated on-the-pack (OTP) voluntary well-being messaging (VWM, ways of communicating a product's broad well-being benefits through information on food content or statements linked to favourable components, functions, or well-being outcomes) for milk targeting COA. Over 200 products identified from two sources (JD.com and Mintel's global new products database), were analysed for type, content, and VWM frequency for different brand origins and milk sources of various animal species, nutrition claim regulation compliance and alignment with nutrition facts. The results suggested: (1) different brand origins (domestic vs. international) and milk source (cow vs. goat) highlighted different well-being aspects of products, (2) three products failed to comply with government regulations made for nutrition labelling of pre-packed foods (GB 28050-2011), but (3) excepting fat, all 'contains' claims and most 'high' claims did not reflect significantly greater levels of nutrients, compared to products with no claims. The findings create a comprehensive picture of OTP VWM for milks targeting older adults in China, providing useful information for consumer, domestic, and international dairy industries, and policymakers.
- ItemPerceptions of Cultivated Meat in Millennial and Generation X Consumers Resident in Aotearoa New Zealand(2023-03-01) Giezenaar C; Godfrey AJR; Ogilvie OJ; Coetzee P; Weerawarna N.R.P M; Foster M; Hort JEvidence suggests that consumer perceptions and acceptance of cultivated meat (CM) differ between countries, cultures, and consumer groups. Limited research specific to Aotearoa New Zealand (A-NZ) is available. Survey responses from 592 A-NZ residents were analysed to determine CM awareness, willingness to engage with CM, and perceived CM product attributes relative to conventional meat and plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs). The effects of gender, age, meat/PBMA consumption frequency, CM awareness, and food neophobia on CM perceptions were determined. The statements were rated on a seven-point Likert scale. Half (52%) of the respondents agreed they were aware of CM. The awareness was higher in men compared to women (p = 0.036), higher in Millennials compared to Generation X (p = 0.022), and higher in regular compared to infrequent PBMA consumers (p = 0.0003). The willingness to engage with CM and perceived CM product attributes were consistently more positive in consumers who were aware, compared with consumers not aware of CM (p < 0.05). Being male, Millennial, low neophobic and a low meat, or high PBMA consumer was also associated with higher potential engagement and perceptions of CM to varying extents. Segmentation divided the respondents into three groups. The ‘positive’ cluster (41%) consumed more PBMAs and less meat and was more aware of CM than the ‘neutral’ (50%) and ‘negative’ (9%) clusters. In conclusion, consumers in A-NZ are not a homogenous group with regards to their perceptions and potential engagement with CM. Increasing awareness and familiarity with CM will be an important strategy to increase engagement with CM.
- ItemProduct Factors Affecting Milk Choices among Chinese Older Adults(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-01-23) Chen A; Moradi S; Hort JIn China, milk is promoted both as an optimal food and gift for older adults. To understand the product factors affecting older Chinese adult milk choices, choice simulations and surveys were conducted in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, and Shenyang, China. Participants (n = 1000, aged 45-55 years old and 65-75 years old) were asked to choose one milk product out of eight alternatives for self-consumption and gifting, respectively, and to indicate product factors under their considerations. Results showed that, for self-consumption, the top four most popular milk products (two with domestic brands and two with international brands) were chosen by 84.9% of the participants. Females and younger participants were more open to international brands than their counterparts. Popular milk products differed across cities, potentially due to brand familiarity. Brand (85.9%), on-the-pack, nutrition-related well-being messaging (72.9%), price (63.1%), shelf-life (63.0%), and production date (57.6%) were the most frequently reported product factors considered when choosing milk. More males considered price than females (66.9% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.02). Female and older participants showed greater concern for certain detailed product factors, such as production date and shelf-life, than their counterparts. Variation across cities was limited, with participants in Chengdu and Shenyang showing less concern for certain product factors such as on-the-pack, certificate-related well-being messaging. When milk products were chosen as a gift, although overall milk choice ranking remained similar, package style received increased attention (32.0% vs. 40.8%, p < 0.01), whilst all other product factors, especially price (63.1% vs. 49.5%, p < 0.01), were considered by significantly fewer participants. These findings provide valuable marketing insights, helping to understand consumer preferences and considerations in the process of milk purchase decision-making.
- ItemThermal taster status: Temperature modulation of cortical response to sweetness perception(Elsevier Inc, 2021-03-01) Eldeghaidy S; Yang Q; Abualait T; Williamson A-M; Hort J; Francis STTemperature is known to impact taste perception, but its reported effect on sweet taste perception in humans is inconsistent. Here, we assess whether thermal taste phenotype alters the temperature modulation of the brains' response to sweet samples and sweet taste perception. Participants (n = 24 balanced for thermal tasters (TT) and thermal non-tasters (TnT), 25 ± 7 years (mean ± SD), 10 males) underwent a thermal taste phenotyping session to study responses to cooling and warming of the tongue using a thermode. In a separate session, functional Magnetic Resonance Images (fMRI) were collected during sweet samples (87 mM sucrose) delivery at two temperatures ('cold' (5 ± 2 °C) and 'ambient' (20 ± 2 °C)) and the perceived sweetness intensity rated.In the phenotyping session, TTs had heightened perceptual temperature sensitivity to cooling and warming of the tongue using a thermode compared to TnTs. Although there was no significant effect during the fMRI session, the fMRI response to the 'cold sweet' sample across all participants was significantly increased in anterior insula/frontal operculum and mid-insula compared to the 'ambient sweet' sample, likely to reflect the perceptual difference to temperature rather than taste perception. TTs showed significantly increased fMRI activation patterns compared with TnTs and an interaction effect between thermal taster status and sample temperature, with TTs showing selectively greater cortical responses to 'cold sweet' samples compared to TnTs in somatosensory regions (SI and SII).The increase in cortical activation in somatosensory cortices to the 'cold sweet' stimulus correlated with perceptual ratings of temperature sensitivity to the thermode. The results highlight the importance of investigating the effects of thermal taster phenotype across a range of temperatures representing the reality of consumer consumption to beverages.
- ItemWell-being Messaging for Mammalian Milks: A Scoping Review(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-10-22) Moradi S; Hort J; Roy NCHaving a holistic understanding of research on well-being messaging for milk is vital to allow the optimal communication of the association between milk consumption and various nutritional, physical, and psychological benefits to the consumer. This work is a unique interdisciplinary, scoping review of existing research on well-being messaging for milk. Well-being messages are ways to communicate the broad well-being benefits of specific products to the consumer through information on food content or statements that link a product with favourable components, functions, or well-being outcomes. Leveraging this broad definition, and by proposing a guiding theoretical model that considers well-being messaging as a form of communication, milk well-being messaging literature has been mapped across time, geographical locations, disciplines, and product types. Two hundred forty-six were records included in this review, of which 177 were empirical studies. Studies were disseminated between 1954 and 2019, with 54.9% published after 2011. Food, Agriculture, and Biological Sciences (N = 109), Nutrition and Dietetics (N = 78), and Medicine, Public Health, and Health Professions (N = 69) disciplines have attracted the most publications, with numbers generally increasing in most recent years. The majority of included non-empirical records (69.6%) provide lists of commercially available products carrying well-being messaging and/or regulations on the use of particular well-being messages for milk according to various legislative authorities. Most of the empirical studies were conducted in North America (N = 71), West Europe (N = 52), and Oceania (N = 22), and on plain (i.e., unflavoured) milk (N = 152). Whereas, most studied elements of well-being messaging for milk across time, i.e., message (N = 169), product (N = 141), receiver (N = 101), and context (N = 72) have seen an increasing number of studies in recent years; sender (N = 51) and medium (N = 27) have been even less studied in the past four years. A more detailed analysis of research trends in each element of well-being messaging is reported. The research highlights immediate and strategic knowledge gaps that need further attention from researchers and/or policymakers in order to improve the "messaging" of well-being benefits of milk consumption to the consumer.