Browsing by Author "Kang, Xinyue"

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    The causal impact of living arrangements on quality of life among older New Zealanders : the moderating effects of age and social connectedness : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology, Massey University, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2025) Kang, Xinyue
    This study examines the causal relationships between living arrangements (LA) and the quality of life (QoL) of older adults in Aotearoa New Zealand, with a specific focus on the moderating roles of age, gender, and social connectedness. Drawing on longitudinal data from the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement Study (NZHWRS), this research employs the CASP-12 model to examine the psychosocial dimensions of QoL. Specifically, it investigates how the sub-dimensions: autonomy, control, self-realisation, and enjoyment, contribute to overall QoL, particularly in relation to various LA. The findings reveal that living arrangements (outside of institutionalised settings) play a pivotal role in shaping the QoL of older adults. Independent living arrangements often promoted as supporting autonomy, self-esteem, and personal agency in older adults was in fact identified as being accompanied by elevated risks of loneliness and social isolation, particularly among individuals with limited social networks or familial support. In contrast, intergenerational living arrangements or being with a partner, provide opportunities for enhanced social connectedness and emotional support. Most notably older adults were found to derive greater overall QoL when living with their families. even when this came at the expense of reduced personal autonomy. Age and gender emerged as significant moderators in the relationship between LA and QoL. Older women and individuals in advanced age cohorts exhibited distinctive patterns of QoL outcomes, underscoring the importance of tailored interventions. Moreover, the buffering effects of social connectedness were prominent, with active participation in social activities and employment serving as critical protective factors against isolation and diminished well-being. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of "ageing in place" strategies, which, while beneficial in promoting independence, must be complemented by robust community-based social support systems to mitigate unintended negative outcomes. This research addresses critical gaps in the existing literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the interplay between living arrangements, psychosocial factors, and demographic characteristics in influencing the QoL of older adults. The findings have substantial implications for both academic discourse, public policy and practice. Recommendations include fostering inclusive, age-friendly communities, enhancing social infrastructure, and developing policies that balance autonomy with collective support to ensure the dignity, health, and well-being of New Zealand's ageing population. By integrating theoretical insights with empirical evidence, this study contributes to the evolving discourse on healthy ageing and offers practical solutions for improving QoL outcomes in diverse living arrangements.