Browsing by Author "Wang F"
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- ItemCritical power is a key threshold determining the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension in non-hypertensive young males.(Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society, 2023-09-15) Lei T-H; Wang I-L; Chen Y-M; Liu X-H; Fujii N; Koga S; Perry B; Mundel T; Wang F; Cao Y; Dobashi K; Kondo N; Li H-Y; Goulding RP; Poole DThe effect of different exercise intensities on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension has not been rigorously clarified with respect to the metabolic thresholds that partition discrete exercise intensity domains (i.e., critical power and the gas exchange threshold (GET)). We hypothesized that the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension would be greater following isocaloric exercise performed above versus below critical power. Twelve non-hypertensive men completed a ramp incremental exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake and the GET, followed by five exhaustive constant load trials to determine critical power and W' (work available above critical power). Subsequently, criterion trials were performed at four discrete intensities matched for total work performed (i.e., isocaloric) to determine the impact of exercise intensity on post-exercise hypotension: 10% above critical power (10% > CP), 10% below critical power (10% < CP), 10% above GET (10% > GET) and 10% below GET (10% < GET). The post-exercise decrease (i.e., the minimum post-exercise values) in mean arterial (10% > CP: -12.7 ± 8.3 vs. 10% < CP: v3.5 ± 2.9 mmHg), diastolic (10% > CP: -9.6 ± 9.8 vs. 10% < CP: -1.4 ± 5.0 mmHg) and systolic (10% > CP: -23.8 ± 7.0 vs. 10% < CP: -9.9 ± 4.3 mmHg) blood pressures were greater following exercise performed 10% > CP compared to all other trials (all P < 0.01). No effects of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension were observed during exercise performed below critical power (all P > 0.05). Critical power represents a threshold above which the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension is greatly augmented. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central questions of this study? What is the influence of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension with respect to metabolic thresholds? What is the main finding and its importance? The magnitude of post-exercise hypotension is greatly increased following exercise performed above critical power. However, below critical power, there was no clear effect of exercise intensity on the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension.
- ItemMicroencapsulation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DPC16 by spray drying using different encapsulation wall materials(Wiley Periodicals LLC, 2022-10-27) Wang F; Mutukumira ANMost probiotics are delivered in liquid media which tends to limit their shelf life thus, they are not convenient for the modern lifestyles. In this study, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DPC16 was encapsulated in 10% reconstituted skim milk (RSM), 10% gum Arabic, 10% maltodextrin, and a mixed wall material (2.5% whey protein isolate/2.5% gum Arabic/2.5% inulin/2.5% sucrose), (w/w). The mixture was then spray-dried at 160°C/80°C and/or 180°C/100°C inlet/outlet temperatures. The spray-dried DPC16 microcapsules were characterized for viable cells of the probiotic, aw, and morphology. Results showed that at the inlet/outlet temperatures of 160°C/80°C, RSM as an encapsulation wall material had the highest cell counts (98.06% ± 0.86%) with 0.196 ± 0.010 aw. Most of the powder particles (RSM) were spherical with dented surfaces. At 180°C/100°C, about 84% DPC16 cells survived in RSM capsules. Thus, RSM showed good potential as an encapsulating wall material to maintain high DPC16 cell viability during spray drying. Novelty impact statement: The encapsulation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DPC16 using reconstituted skim milk (RSM) by spray drying at elevated inlet/outlet temperatures had lower encapsulation efficiency (EE), water activity, and smaller particle size of the microcapsules compared to RSM microcapsules spray-dried at low temperatures. Mixed wall material comprising gum Arabic, whey protein isolate, inulin, and sucrose produced microcapsules with relatively high EE, low water activity, and some microcapsules with smoother surfaces which could improve powder solubility.