Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Comorbidity

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    Comorbidity and temporal associations between mental disorders among college students in the world mental health international college student initiative
    (Elsevier B V, 2025-09-01) Roest AM; de Vries YA; Pozuelo JR; Petukhova MV; Lee S; Sampson NA; Albor Y; Alhadi AN; Alonso J; Al-Saud N; Altwaijri Y; Andersson C; Atwoli L; Auerbach RP; Muaka CA; Báez-Mansur PM; Ballester L; Bantjes J; Baumeister H; Bendtsen M; Benjet C; Berman AH; Bruffaerts R; Carrasco P; Chan SCN; Cohut I; Couder MAC; Crockett MA; Cuijpers P; David OA; Dong D; Ebert DD; Gaete J; Forero CG; Gili M; Gutiérrez-García R; Haro JM; Hasking P; Hunt X; Husky MM; Jaguga F; Langer ÁI; Léniz I; Liu Y; Mac-Ginty S; Martínez V; McLafferty M; Miranda A; Monroy-Velasco IR; Murray EK; Musyoka CM; Nedelcea C; Núñez D; O'Neill SM; Piqueras JA; Popescu CA; Prescivalli AP; Rapsey C; Robinson K; Rodriguez-Jimenez T; Saal W; Siu O-L; Stein DJ; Struijs SY; Tomoiaga CT; Valdés-García KP; Vargas-Contreras E; Vigo DV; Wang AY; Wong SYS; Kessler RC; World Mental Health International College Student collaborators
    Background: Mental disorders are highly prevalent among students worldwide. This study aims to examine comorbidity and temporal associations between mental disorders among students. Methods: The study included 72,288 students from 18 countries as part of the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) Initiative, with cross-sectional data collected between 2017 and 2023. Screening for common DSM-5 disorders was conducted using validated screening measures. Latent variables were examined using exploratory principal axis factor analysis on a correlation matrix among the lifetime mental disorders. Based on age-of-onset information, multivariable poisson regression models were used to examine associations of prior disorders with the first onset of other disorders. Results: 27.0 % of students screened positive for only one lifetime disorder, 17.1 % for two, 10.9 % for three, and 10.6 % for 4+ disorders. In the factor analysis, three latent variables were found, comprising: internalizing disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive episode, post-traumatic stress disorder, and panic disorder), substance use disorders (drug use disorder and alcohol use disorder), and externalizing disorders (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and mania/hypomania). Prior internalizing and externalizing disorders were associated with the subsequent first onset of all other disorders with risk ratios ranging from 1.5–7.5. Substance use disorders were less consistently associated with the subsequent first onset of other disorders, but alcohol use disorder was associated with the first onset of drug use disorder and vice versa. Conclusions: Mental disorder comorbidity is common among students, and students with disorders across the internalizing and externalizing spectrum have an increased risk of future mental disorder comorbidities.
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    From diagnosis to long-term management: the experiences of older New Zealanders with obstructive sleep apnoea
    (Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners, 28/06/2018) Gibson R; Campbell A; Mather S; Neil A
    INTRODUCTION: In New Zealand (NZ), access to public sleep services is limited to people deemed with the highest need. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) increases with age, but the symptoms and the treatment pathway is expected to differ for older compared to younger patients. This study explored the experience of older people regarding diagnosis and treatment services for OSA in order to inform considerations required in primary health and sleep services. METHODS: Patients who were initiated on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy at the age of 65 years or older were invited to one of three 1.5-h focus group discussions. In total, 16 patients attended; nine were accompanied by their spouse or partner. Discussions were semi-structured and explored experiences with the OSA pathway, from diagnosis through to long-term management. RESULTS: Thematic analysis highlights the key symptoms of OSA. Patients’ experiences with diagnostic and treatment services were generally positive. However, there was an overarching need for greater knowledge and follow up regarding OSA and CPAP therapy. Most patients were happy with CPAP treatment. Issues associated with long-term use, comfort and daily management were highlighted, and strategies used to overcome them discussed. DISCUSSION: Focus groups reported similar experiences, positively endorsing the health value of OSA diagnosis and CPAP therapy. Mechanisms and resources are required at a primary healthcare level in order to raise awareness around sleep and aging, OSA and CPAP. This would aid earlier and more appropriate diagnosis and management of OSA and help overcome some of the gaps identified in this study.