Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Antibiotic Use In Utero and Early Life and Risk of Chronic Childhood Conditions in New Zealand: Protocol for a Data Linkage Retrospective Cohort Study(JMIR Publications, 2025-02-28) Ram S; Corbin M; 't Mannetje A; Eng A; Kvalsig A; Baker M; Douwes JBackground: The incidence of many common chronic childhood conditions has increased globally in the past few decades, which has been suggested to be potentially attributed to antibiotic overuse leading to dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. Objective: This linkage study will assess the role of antibiotic use in utero and in early life in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), and inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: The study design involves several retrospective cohort studies using linked administrative health and social data from Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure. It uses data from all children who were born in New Zealand between October 2005 and December 2010 (N=334,204) and their mothers. Children’s antibiotic use is identified for 4 time periods (at pregnancy, at ≤1 year, at ≤2 years, and at ≤5 years), and the development of T1D, ADHD, and inflammatory bowel disease is measured from the end of the antibiotic use periods until death, emigration, or the end of the follow-up period (2021), whichever came first. Children who emigrated or died before the end of the antibiotic use period are excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression models are used while adjusting for a range of potential confounders. Results: As of September 2024, data linkage has been completed, involving the integration of antibiotic exposure and outcome variables for 315,789 children. Preliminary analyses show that both prenatal and early life antibiotic consumption is associated with T1D. Full analyses for all 3 outcomes will be completed by the end of 2025. Conclusions: This series of linked cohort studies using detailed, complete, and systematically collected antibiotic prescription data will provide critical new knowledge regarding the role of antibiotics in the development of common chronic childhood conditions. Thus, this study has the potential to contribute to the development of primary prevention strategies through, for example, targeted changes in antibiotic use.Item Medication compliance by cat owners prescribed treatment for home administration.(Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine., 2025-01-11) Odom TF; Riley CB; Benschop J; Hill KEBACKGROUND: Most veterinary literature examining medication compliance has described the phenomenon in dogs. The evidence available regarding factors affecting cat owner medication compliance is limited. OBJECTIVES: Identify and describe factors associated with cat owners' noncompliance with veterinary recommendations for pet medications, as well as client-reported barriers and aids to administering medications prescribed by primary care veterinarians. SUBJECTS: Cat owners presenting their animals for veterinary examination and treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of cat owners' compliance with veterinary medication recommendations was performed from January 9, 2019, to July 18, 2020. A convenience sample of owners prescribed medication for their pets by veterinarians during or after elective veterinary examination was recruited to respond to questions regarding medication administration experience and compliance. Follow-up was obtained from owners to determine if the course of medication had been completed. Compliance data were analyzed descriptively, and logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: Medication noncompliance was recorded for 39% (26/66) of cat owners. A quarter (16/66) reported challenges in administering medication to their pets; the most commonly cited reason was a resistant pet. Oral administration of antibiotics was significantly associated with noncompliance (P = .01). Clients with limited pet ownership experience were less likely to be noncompliant (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Clients' inability to medicate their cats PO may have implications for clinical outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship. Alternatives to direct PO administration of solid-form medications in cats should be considered. Demonstrating administration techniques to all clients may improve compliance and influence clinical outcome.Item Isolation, antibacterial screening, and identification of bioactive cave dwelling bacteria in Fiji.(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-12-20) Pipite A; Lockhart PJ; McLenachan PA; Christi K; Kumar D; Prasad S; Subramani R; Moyer CLBacteria are well known producers of bioactive secondary metabolites, including some of the most effective antibiotics in use today. While the caves of Oceania are still largely under-explored, they form oligotrophic and extreme environments that are a promising source for identifying novel species of bacteria with biologically active compounds. By using selective media that mimicked a cave environment, and pretreatments that suppressed the growth of fast-growing bacteria, we have cultured genetically diverse bacteria from a limestone cave in Fiji. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences from isolates were determined and compared with 16S rRNA gene sequences in EzBioCloud and SILVA data bases. Fifty-five isolates purified from culture had Actinomycete-like morphologies and these were investigated for antibacterial activity. Initial screening using a cross streak test with pathogenic bacteria indicated that 34 of the isolates had antibacterial properties. The best matches for the isolates are bacteria with potential uses in the manufacture of antibiotics and pesticides, in bioremediation of toxic waste, in biomining, in producing bioplastics, and in plant growth promotion. Nineteen bacteria were confirmed as Actinomycetes. Thirteen were from the genus Streptomyces and six from genera considered to be rare Actinomycetes from Pseudonocardia, Kocuria, Micromonospora, Nonomuraea. Ten isolates were Firmicutes from the genera Bacillus, Lysinbacillus, Psychrobacillus and Fontibacillus. Two were Proteobacteria from the genera Mesorhizobium and Cupriavidus. Our findings identify a potentially rich source of microbes for applications in biotechnologies.Item Editorial: Antibiotic potentiators against drug-resistant pathogens: Discovery, development and clinical applications.(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-03-07) Das B; Mahajan D; Rakonjac J; Aminov RAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural evolutionary consequence induced by massive antibiotic usage. The significantly higher rate of AMR and its spread is largely attributed to the illicit use and management of antibiotics, their production, and residual disposal in the environment (Das et al., 2017). AMR-associated and -contributed deaths are expected to exceed 4.5 million in 2023 due to the global spread of AMR in clinically important pathogens (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators, 2022). In addition, the issue of AMR is also plaguing the management of other clinical conditions such as organ transplantation, microbiome transplantation, and inflammation management in chronic metabolic diseases leading to poor success rates. To tackle the AMR crisis and identify novel antibiotics or alternatives to antibiotics, several global initiatives are at different stages of completion (Narendrakumar et al., 2022). The current special issue covers updated research initiatives expanding the toolset against AMR pathogens by including (i) repurposed, already approved, drugs normally used for the treatment of non-infectious diseases; (ii) antibiotic potentiators that are not antibacterials, but rather block the resistance functions or increase membrane permeability, thus enhance antibiotics' activity; (iii) synergistic combinations of antibiotics; (iv) alternative therapies to minimize antibiotic uses.