Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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Subject: search.filters.subject.0401 Atmospheric Sciences

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    Enhancing the value of weather and climate services in society - identified gaps and needs as outcomes of the 1st WMO WWRP/SERA “Weather and Society” Conference
    (American Meteorological Society, 2023-02-14) Göber M; Isadora C; Hoffmann D; Mooney CJ; Rodriguez L; Becker N; Ebert EE; Fearnley C; Fundel VJ; Golding B; Jeurig J; Kelman I; Kox T; Magro F-A; Perrels A; Postigo JC; Potter SH; Robbins J; Rust H; Schoster D; Tan M; Taylor A; Williams H
    What: The Societal and Economics Research Application (SERA) Working Group of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) organized the first Weather and Society Conference, inviting the weather community to actively engage on critical themes to understand, analyze, and enhance the value of weather and climate services in society. The online conference ran over 2 weeks. Each session focused on a theme, ran for two hours, and included talks and discussion followed by a one-hour poster session. When: 28 February to 11 March 2022 Where: Online.
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    C3 and C4 grass species: who can reduce soil nitrous oxide emissions in a continental arid region?
    (MDPI AG, 8/09/2020) Ning J; He XZ; Hou F
    In order to relieve grazing pressure, drought-tolerant grass species are widely cultivated in arid regions. However, soil N emission is largely neglected while pursuing forage yield. We carried out a randomized block study to investigate whether and how the C3 and C4 grass species differ in soil N emission in a typical salinized field with temperate continental arid climate in the northwest inland regions, China. We quantified soil N2O flux from two C3 (barley and rye) and two C4 grass species [corngrass and sorghum hybrid sudangrass (SHS)] in fields during the growing season (from May to September) by using the static box method, and then determined the relationships between soil N2O fluxes and forage yield and soil properties. Results show that soil available nitrogen, soil temperature, pH, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen were correlated, but soil water was anti-correlated with soil N2O fluxes. In addition, N2O flux increased significantly faster with soil temperature in C4 than in C3 grass fields. Although the lower total N2O emission fluxes were detected for C3 species, the lower yield-scaled N2O was detected for C4 species. Our study provided insights into the determination of grass species and the understanding of mechanisms regulating N2O fluxes in C3 and C4 species in the continental arid regions.
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    Budgetary Impacts of Adding Agricultural Risk Management Programmes to the CAP
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of Agricultural Economics Society, 2021-06) Pieralli S; Pérez Domínguez I; Elleby C; Chatzopoulos T
    Volatile prices and income uncertainties are major issues for farmers, leading to a demand for policies that mitigate such risks. However, the budgetary consequences of risk management schemes are uncertain due to their dependence on market prices. Using an agricultural multi-commodity market model, we evaluate the potential budgetary consequences of introducing two specific risk management schemes used in the United States into the European Union Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), namely the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) and Price Loss Coverage (PLC) programmes. Our analysis considers three sets of reference prices and stochastic uncertainty related to yields and macroeconomic conditions, resulting in a joint distribution of agricultural outputs and support payments. The results show that the payments from these two risk management schemes are sensitive to the reference prices triggering support and to the programme participation shares. In the most extreme stochastic simulations, support payments from the PLC programme reach €23 billion while support payments from the ARC programme reach €2.1 billion for the three crops considered (barley, wheat and maize).