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Item Plastic Pollution and Waste ColonialismPeryman M; Cumming R; Farrelly T; Ngata T; Fuller S; Borrelle SItem What happens to New Zealand's Plastics Exports?(Break Free From Plastic and Massey University Political Ecology Research Centre, 2020-06-22) Farrelly TFollowing China’s National Sword Programme, most of Aotearoa New Zealand’s (NZ) post-consumer plastics now go to Indonesia and Malaysia. In 2019, 40% of New Zealand’s ethylene went to Indonesia (15,000 tonnes) and just under 40% of our styrene went to Malaysia (16,000 tonnes). New Zealand also sends other plastic resins to a range of other countries, but these two countries are by far the most significant receiving countries overall.Item Tackling plastic pollution in the commercial fishing industry (fin-fish supply chain). Case Study: Moana New Zealand(Association of Commonwealth Universities, 2020-09-10) Croft F; Farrelly TThis report provides an examines the ways in which plastics are used throughout the daily fin fish operations (fin fish) at Moana FisheriesNew Zealand. It explores current global, regional and national policies, as well as current initiatives that are seeking to minimise marine plastic pollution, and how these may be implemented in this context. This study also acknowledges the significant role that industry can play to improve management of plastics by working towards the top of the Zero Waste Hierarchy (redesign/rethink/reduce and reuse).Item Plastic pollution prevention in Pacific Islands: Gap Analysis of Current Legislation, Policies and Plans(EIA, 2020-08-01) Farrelly T; Borrelle S; Fuller SUsing a gap analysis, this study aims to identify the current limitations in national plastic pollution policy for preventing plastic pollution. It also explores the potential to implement best practice for the reduction of plastic pollution and the promotion of a safe circular plastics economy.Item Towards an equitable approach to marine plastic pollution(Ocean Nexus Center, University of Washington. Washington, US., 2022-01-01) Vandenberg J; Yoshi O; Farrelly TCurrent forms of marine plastic pollution and waste governance can, in some cases, exacerbate their inequitable burdens, and these burdens are likely to increase as plastics production continues to grow and be mismanaged. Marine plastic pollution adversely impacts humans and the environment (including food security, livelihoods, physical and mental health, and cultural practices and values), and it disproportionately impacts the lives and livelihood of more marginalized populations.Item Plastic Pollution Prevention in Timor-Leste: Gap Analysis of Current Legislation, Policies, and Plans(SPREP, 2023-06-01) Steenhagen E; Sascha F; Farrelly T; Stephanie B; Ana R-GPlastics comprise sixty to eighty percent of all marine litter globally, with millions of metric tonnes originating from land-based sources every year (Borrelle et al., 2020; PEMSEA, 2020). An estimated 11% of plastic waste generated globally are mismanaged and enter freshwater and marine environments, equating to 86,740 metric tonnes (Mt) every day (Borrelle et al., 2020). If current production and waste management trends continue, roughly 12,000 Mt of plastic waste will be in landfills or in the natural environment by 2050 (Geyer, Jambeck & Law, 2017, p. e1700782). Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such as Timor-Leste are disproportionately impacted. Timor-Leste is currently experiencing disastrous impacts to marine ecosystems, health related problems and destruction of biodiversity due to the alarming increase of land- and marine-based plastic pollution. In Timor-Leste, approximately thirteen percent of the waste stream is made up of plastic. The Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF) estimated that approximately 20.7Mt of plastic waste was released in the waters around Timor-Leste in 2010, with the amount expected to rise to 64.2Mt by 2025 (PRIF, 2018). Mismanaged plastic waste because of poor waste infrastructure and failed landfills is transported by wind, waste-water outfalls, and inland rivers, much of which eventually enters waterways, land and soil, and the marine environment (PRIF, 2018). Consequently, the government committed to eliminating plastics from the natural environment by 2023 through the ambitious ‘Zero Plastic Timor-Leste’ campaign. It was a goal in name only, as it is not close to being achieved as of 2023. This report aims to provide insight into Timor-Leste's capacity to implement plastic pollution reduction measures by providing a gap analysis of its current legislation, plans and policies. The research finds significant gaps in all analytical categories. Most alarming are the gaps that exist under the waste prevention, microplastics, and protection of human health themes. Findings suggest that the current institutional framework cannot protect human and environmental health, including human rights and biological diversity. The protection of Timor-Leste’s environment through the elimination of the discharges of plastics into the environment will only be possible through extensive amendments to legislation and policy frameworks that prioritise prevention through strict import rules, and supported by an effective international global treaty on plastic pollution that mandates that mandates core obligations, control measures, and impPlastics comprise sixty to eighty percent of all marine litter globally, with millions of metric tonnes originating from land-based sources every year (Borrelle et al., 2020; PEMSEA, 2020). An estimated 11% of plastic waste generated globally are mismanaged and enter freshwater and marine environments, equating to 86,740 metric tonnes (Mt) every day (Borrelle et al., 2020). If current production and waste management trends continue, roughly 12,000 Mt of plastic waste will be in landfills or in the natural environment by 2050 (Geyer, Jambeck & Law, 2017, p. e1700782). Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such as Timor-Leste are disproportionately impacted. Timor-Leste is currently experiencing disastrous impacts to marine ecosystems, health related problems and destruction of biodiversity due to the alarming increase of land- and marine-based plastic pollution. In Timor-Leste, approximately thirteen percent of the waste stream is made up of plastic. The Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF) estimated that approximately 20.7Mt of plastic waste was released in the waters around Timor-Leste in 2010, with the amount expected to rise to 64.2Mt by 2025 (PRIF, 2018). Mismanaged plastic waste because of poor waste infrastructure and failed landfills is transported by wind, waste-water outfalls, and inland rivers, much of which eventually enters waterways, land and soil, and the marine environment (PRIF, 2018). Consequently, the government committed to eliminating plastics from the natural environment by 2023 through the ambitious ‘Zero Plastic Timor-Leste’ campaign. It was a goal in name only, as it is not close to being achieved as of 2023. This report aims to provide insight into Timor-Leste's capacity to implement plastic pollution reduction measures by providing a gap analysis of its current legislation, plans and policies. The research finds significant gaps in all analytical categories. Most alarming are the gaps that exist under the waste prevention, microplastics, and protection of human health themes. Findings suggest that the current institutional framework cannot protect human and environmental health, including human rights and biological diversity. The protection of Timor-Leste’s environment through the elimination of the discharges of plastics into the environment will only be possible through extensive amendments to legislation and policy frameworks that prioritise prevention through strict import rules, and supported by an effective international global treaty on plastic pollution that mandates that mandates core obligations, control measures, and impPlastics comprise sixty to eighty percent of all marine litter globally, with millions of metric tonnes originating from land-based sources every year (Borrelle et al., 2020; PEMSEA, 2020). An estimated 11% of plastic waste generated globally are mismanaged and enter freshwater and marine environments, equating to 86,740 metric tonnes (Mt) every day (Borrelle et al., 2020). If current production and waste management trends continue, roughly 12,000 Mt of plastic waste will be in landfills or in the natural environment by 2050 (Geyer, Jambeck & Law, 2017, p. e1700782). Small Island Developing States (SIDS) such as Timor-Leste are disproportionately impacted. Timor-Leste is currently experiencing disastrous impacts to marine ecosystems, health related problems and destruction of biodiversity due to the alarming increase of land- and marine-based plastic pollution. In Timor-Leste, approximately thirteen percent of the waste stream is made up of plastic. The Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF) estimated that approximately 20.7Mt of plastic waste was released in the waters around Timor-Leste in 2010, with the amount expected to rise to 64.2Mt by 2025 (PRIF, 2018). Mismanaged plastic waste because of poor waste infrastructure and failed landfills is transported by wind, waste-water outfalls, and inland rivers, much of which eventually enters waterways, land and soil, and the marine environment (PRIF, 2018). Consequently, the government committed to eliminating plastics from the natural environment by 2023 through the ambitious ‘Zero Plastic Timor-Leste’ campaign. It was a goal in name only, as it is not close to being achieved as of 2023. This report aims to provide insight into Timor-Leste's capacity to implement plastic pollution reduction measures by providing a gap analysis of its current legislation, plans and policies. The research finds significant gaps in all analytical categories. Most alarming are the gaps that exist under the waste prevention, microplastics, and protection of human health themes. Findings suggest that the current institutional framework cannot protect human and environmental health, including human rights and biological diversity. The protection of Timor-Leste’s environment through the elimination of the discharges of plastics into the environment will only be possible through extensive amendments to legislation and policy frameworks that prioritise prevention through strict import rules, and supported by an effective international global treaty on plastic pollution that mandates that mandates core obligations, control measures, and implementation measures for the elimination of plastic pollution at all stages of the plastics life cycle.Item Speaking up to end plastic pollution: Ensuring Pacific voices are heard.(Crawford School of Public Policy at The Australian National University, 8/09/2022) Farrelly TItem Five UNEP Plastic Pollution Prevention Fact Sheets for the Pacific Islands(UNEP, 2021-11-30) Farrelly T; Fuller SItem Plastic Pollution as Waste Colonialism in Aotearoa New Zealand(Ocean Nexus Centre and Nippon Foundation, 2021-11-19) Peryman M; Cumming R; Farrelly T; Ngata T; Sascha F; Stephanie BItem A binding global agreement to address the life cycle of plastics(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1/07/2021) Simon N; Raubenheimer K; Urho N; Unger S; Azoulay D; Farrelly T; Sousa J; van Asselt H; Carlini G; Sekomo C; Schulte ML; Busch PO; Weinrich N; Weiand L
