2026-09-25T16:51:28Zhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/server/oai/requestoai:mro.massey.ac.nz:10179/16882025-11-11T14:08:52Zcom_10179_294col_10179_296
DSpace at Massey University
author
Schwalbe, Martin
2010-09-26T20:44:04Z
NO_RESTRICTION2010-09-26T20:44:04Z
2010
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1688
Q112884460
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112884460
Prostate apoptosis response factor-4 (Par-4) is a ubiquitously expressed pro-apoptotic and
tumour suppressive protein. Par-4 contains a highly conserved coiled coil (CC) region at the Cterminus,
particularly the distal 40 residues fulfil the criteria for a leucine zipper (LZ). This Cterminal
domain serves as the primary recognition domain for a large number of binding
partners. Par-4 is tightly regulated by the aforementioned binding partners and also by posttranslational
modifications. Biophysical data presented here describe Par-4 as primarily an
intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). Bioinformatic analysis of the highly conserved Par-4
reveals low sequence complexity and enrichment in polar and charged amino acids. High
proteolytic susceptibility and increased hydrodynamic radii are consistent with largely extended
structures in solution. Spectroscopic measurements using circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) also reveal characteristic features of intrinsic disorder. Under
physiological conditions, data show that Par-4 self-associates via the C-terminal domain possibly
through coiled coil formation. Analysis of various constructs comprising the Par-4 LZ domain by
NMR, CD, light scattering and other techniques reveals an environment-dependent conformational
equilibrium between primarily disordered monomers and predominantly coiled coil
dimers. Whereas the disordered monomers are easily observed by NMR, the coiled coil fraction
is not amenable to NMR studies possibly due to intermediate exchange processes. Mutational
approaches that stabilise the coiled coil fraction result in NMR spectra of lower quality
compared to the wild-type form. The high degree of sequence conservation suggest that coiled
coil formation and intrinsic disorder are essential for Par-4 to function as an effective regulator
of apoptosis.
en
The Author
Binding proteins
Protein NMR
Intrinsic disorder and coiled coil formation in prostate apoptosis response factor-4 (Par-4) : submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosphy, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
Thesis
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