2026-09-27T17:34:52Zhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/server/oai/requestoai:mro.massey.ac.nz:10179/62852025-11-11T14:14:13Zcom_10179_294col_10179_296
DSpace at Massey University
author
Nelson, Andre Richard
2015-02-23T21:21:45Z
2015-02-23T21:21:45Z
2012
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/6285
Q112890915
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112890915
The objective was to determine the effect of post-exercise protein-leucine coingestion with
carbohydrate and fat on subsequent endurance performance and investigate whole-body and
skeletal-muscle responses hypothesised to guide adaptive-regeneration. Methods. Study-JA
Twelve trained-men ingested protein/leucine/carbohydrate/fat (20/7.5/89/22 g· h- 1
) or
carbohydrate/fat (control, 119/22 g· h- 1
) supplements after intense cycling over six days.
Glucose and leucine turnover, metabolomics, nitrogen balance and performance were
examined. Study-] B Immune-function responses to supplementation were investigated via
neutrophil 0 2- production, differential immune-cell count, hormones and cytokines. Study-2A
Twelve trained-men ingested low-dose protein/leucine/carbohydrate/fat (23 .3/51180/30 g),
high-dose (70115/180/30 g) or carbohydrate/fat control (274/30 g) beverages following 100-
min of intense cycling. Vastus lateralis biopsies were taken during recovery (30-min/4-h) to
determine the effect of dose on myofibrillar protein synthesis (FSR), and mTOR-pathway
activity infened by western blot. Study-2B The transcriptome was intenogated to determine
acute-phase biology differentially affected by protein-leucine dose. Results. Protein-leucine
increased day-1 recovery leucine oxidation and synthesis, plasma and urinary branch-chain
amino acids (BCAAs), products of their metabolism, and neutrophil-priming plasma
metabolites versus control. Protein-leucine lowered serum creatine kinase 21-25% (±90%
confidence limits 14%) and day 2-5 nitrogen balance was positive for both conditions, yet the
impact on sprint power was trivial. Protein-leucine reduced day-1 neutrophil 02- production
(15-17 ±20 mmol·02-·celr1
) but on day-6 increased post-exercise production (33 ±20
mmol·02-·celr1
) having lowered pre-exercise cortisol (21% ±15%). The increase in FSR with
high-dose (0.103%· h-1 ± 0.027%· h-1
) versus low-dose (0.092%· h-1 ± 0.017%· h-1
) was likely
equivalent. High-dose increased serum insulin (1.44-fold x/+90% confidence limits 1.18), 30-
min phosphorylation ofmTOR (2.21-fold x/+1.59) and p70S6K (3.51-fold x/+1.93), and
ii
240-min phosphorylation of rpS6 ( 4.85-fold x/-d .37) and 4E-BP1-a (1.99-fold x/-d .63)
versus low-dose. Bioinformatics revealed a biphasic dose-responsive inflammatory
transcriptome centred on interleukin (IL)-1~ at 30-min (high-dose) and IL6 at 240-min (highdose,
low-dose) consistent with regulation of early-phase myeloid-cell associated muscle
regeneration. Conclusions. Protein-leucine effects on performance during intense training
may be inconsequential when in positive nitrogen balance, despite saturating BCAA
metabolism, protein synthesis, and attenuating cell-membrane damage. 24 g of protein and 5
g leucine near saturated post-exercise myofibrillar FSR and simulated an early inflammatory
promyogenic transcriptome common to skeletal muscle regeneration that was accentuated
with 3-fold higher protein-leucine dose.
en
The Author
Proteins in human nutrition
Carbohydrates in human nutrition
Exercise
Nutrition
The impact of post-exercise protein-leucine ingestion on subsequent performance and the systematic, metabolic and skeletal muscle molecular responses associated with recovery and regeneration : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Health), Massey University
Thesis
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