Barker-Collo SKrishnamurthi RNair BRanta ADouwes JFeigin VHonan C2025-01-082025-01-082024-12-05Barker-Collo S, Krishnamurthi R, Nair B, Ranta A, Douwes J, Feigin V. (2024). Depression and anxiety at 1- and 12-months post ischemic stroke: methods for examining individual change over time.. Brain Impair. 25. Number 4. (pp. IB24025-).1443-9646https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/72331Background Depression is commonly studied post stroke, while anxiety is less studied. This study presents prevalence of depression and anxiety at 1- and 12-months post ischemic stroke alongside three methods for examining within-subjects change over time. Methods Participants were ischemic stroke patients of the Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study (ARCOS-V) with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale data at 1- (n = 343) and 12-months (n = 307). Change over time was examined using within-subjects repeated measures ANOVA, calculation of the Reliable Change Index, and a Sankey diagram of those meeting cut-off scores (>7) for caseness over time. Results Using repeated measures ANOVA, depression scores didn’t change significantly over time, while anxiety symptoms decreased significantly. When reliable change was calculated, 4.2% of individuals had reliable decreases in anxiety symptoms, while 5.7% had reliable decreases in depression symptoms. Those who had a reliable decrease in one tended to have a reliable decrease in the other. In the Sankey, the proportion of those meeting the cut-off score for anxiety did not change over time (12.8 and 12.7% at 1- and 12-months), while those meeting the cut-off for depression increased slightly (3.7–4.5%) and those meeting cut-offs for both decreased from 10.4 to 8.1%. Conclusion The three methods produced very different findings. Use of cut-off scores is common but has limitations. Calculation of clinically reliable change is recommended. Further work is needed to ensure depression and anxiety are monitored over time post-stroke, and both should be the subject of intervention efforts in both acute and late stages post-stroke.(c) 2024 The Author/sCC BY-NC-ND 4.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/HumansMaleFemaleDepressionAgedAnxietyMiddle AgedIschemic StrokeTime FactorsAged, 80 and overStrokePrevalenceNew ZealandPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesJournal article10.1071/IB240251839-5252journal-articleIB24025-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39636715IB24025IB24025