Stachyshyn SAli AWham CKnightbridge-Eager TRutherfurd-Markwick K2023-08-092023-09-042021-04-282023-08-092023-09-042021-04-28Stachyshyn S, Ali A, Wham C, Knightbridge-Eager T, Rutherfurd-Markwick K. (2021). Caffeine Consumption Habits of New Zealand Tertiary Students.. Nutrients. 13. 5. (pp. 1493-).2072-6643http://hdl.handle.net/10179/19905Adverse effects associated with excessive caffeine consumption combined with increasing numbers and availability of caffeine-containing products are causes for concern. Tertiary students may be at increased risk of consuming excessive amounts of caffeine due to seeking caffeinated products with well-known wakefulness effects and cognitive benefits. This study explored caffeine consumption habits of New Zealand tertiary students (317; ≥16-years) using a previously validated caffeine consumption habits (CaffCo) questionnaire. Most (99.1%) regularly consumed caffeinated products, especially chocolate, coffee and tea, with coffee, tea and energy drinks contributing most to total caffeine intake. Median estimated caffeine intake was 146.73 mg·day-1, or 2.25 mg·kgbw-1·day-1. Maximum and minimum intakes were 1988.14 mg·day-1 (23.51 mg·kgbw-1·day-1) and 0.07 mg·day-1 (0.02 mg·kgbw-1·day-1), respectively. One-third (34.4%) of caffeine consumers ingested caffeine above the adverse effect level (3 mg·kgbw-1·day-1) and 14.3% above the safe limit (400 mg·day-1). Most caffeine consumers (84.7%), reported experiencing at least one 'adverse symptom' post-caffeine consumption, of which 25.7% reported effects leading to distress or negatively impacting their life. Experiencing 'adverse symptoms' did not, however, curtail consumption in the majority of symptomatic participants (~77%). Public health initiatives directed at tertiary students may be important to reduce potential caffeine-related harm.1493-CC BYhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/coffeeenergy drinkready to drinksafe limitside effectsteaAdultCaffeineChocolateCoffeeCross-Sectional StudiesDietEnergy DrinksFemaleHumansMaleNew ZealandStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultJournal article10.3390/nu130514932072-66432023-08-08Massey_Darkjournal-article