Siriarchavatana PKruger MCMiller MRTian HSWolber FM2023-07-162023-09-042021-09-242023-07-162023-09-042021-12Siriarchavatana P, Kruger MC, Miller MR, Tian H, Wolber FM. (2021). Non-polar lipid from greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) inhibits osteoclast differentiation.. Bone Rep. 15. (pp. 101132-).2352-1872http://hdl.handle.net/10179/19871This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).The osteoclast-dependent bone resorption process is a crucial part of the bone regulatory system. The excessive function of osteoclasts can cause diseases of bone, joint, and other tissues such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Greenshell mussel oil (GSM), a good source of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs), was fractionated into total lipid, polar lipid, and non-polar lipid components and their anti-osteoclastogenic activity tested in RAW 264.7 cell cultures. Osteoclast differentiation process was achieved after 5 days of incubation with RANKL in 24-well culture plates. Introducing the non-polar lipid fraction into the culture caused a lack of cell differentiation, and a reduction in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner (50% reduction at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Moreover, actin ring formation was significantly diminished by non-polar lipids at 10-20 μg/mL. The bone digestive enzymes released by osteoclasts into the pit formation were also compromised by downregulating gene expression of cathepsin K, carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). This study revealed that the non-polar lipid fraction of GSM oil contains bioactive substances which possess potent anti-osteoclastogenic activity.101132-(c) The author/s CC BY-NC-NDhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/AA, Arachidonic acidALA, Alpha linolenic acidCAII, Carbonic anhydrase IIDHA, Docosahexaenoic acidDMSO, dimethyl sulfoxideDPA, Docosapentaenoic acidEPA, Eicosapentaenoic acidFFAR, Free fatty acid receptorGSM, Greenshell musselGreenshell musselLA, Linoleic acidLPS, LipopolysaccharideMMP-9, Matrix metalloproteinase 9MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acidNF-κB, Nuclear factor κBNFATc1, Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1OA, OsteoarthritisOmega 3 fatty acidOsteoarthritisOsteoclastsOsteoporosisPA, Palmitic acidPPAR, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorPUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acidRANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligandSFA, Saturated fatty acidTRAP, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphataseJournal article10.1016/j.bonr.2021.1011322352-18722023-07-12Massey_Darkjournal-article