Castro NZieff GBates LCPagan Lassalle PHiggins SFaulkner JLark SSkidmore PHamlin MJSignal TLWilliams MAStoner LKambas A2024-07-022024-07-022023-02-09Castro N, Zieff G, Bates LC, Pagan Lassalle P, Higgins S, Faulkner J, Lark S, Skidmore P, Hamlin MJ, Signal TL, Williams MA, Stoner L. (2023). A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Preadolescent Cardiometabolic Health: Associations with Fitness, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Nutrition, and Sleep.. Children (Basel). 10. 2. (pp. 336-).2227-9067https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70059BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk often begins early in life. Healthy lifestyle behaviors can mitigate risk, but the optimal combination of behaviors has not been determined. This cross-sectional study simultaneously examined the associations between lifestyle factors (fitness, activity behaviors, and dietary patterns) and CMD risk in preadolescent children. METHODS: 1480 New Zealand children aged 8-10 years were recruited. Participants included 316 preadolescents (50% female, age: 9.5 ± 1.1 years, BMI: 17.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2). Fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF], muscular fitness), activity behaviors (physical activity, sedentary, sleep), and dietary patterns were measured. Factor analysis was used to derive a CMD risk score from 13 variables (adiposity, peripheral and central hemodynamics, glycemic control, and blood lipids). RESULTS: Only CRF (β = -0.45, p < 0.001) and sedentary time (β = 0.12, p = 0.019) were associated with the CMD risk score in the adjusted multivariable analysis. CRF was found to be nonlinear (VO2 max ≤ ≈42 mL/kg/min associated with higher CMD risk score), and thus a CRF polynomial term was added, which was also associated (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) with the CMD risk score. Significant associations were not found with sleep or dietary variables. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that increasing CRF and decreasing sedentary behavior may be important public health targets in preadolescent children.(c) 2023 The Author/sCC BY 4.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/cardiometabolic diseasecardiovascular diseasechildhoodlifestyle factorsmetabolic diseaseJournal article10.3390/children100203362227-9067journal-article336-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36832464336children10020336