Browsing by Author "Gray C"

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    Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of infantile haemangioma development
    (Oxford University Press, 2024-06-07) Mitra R; Fitzsimons HL; Hale TK; Tan ST; Gray C; White MPJ
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    Recent Advances in Understanding the Molecular Basis of Infantile Haemangioma Development (accepted manuscript)
    (Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Association of Dermatologists, 2024-06-07) Mitra R; Fitzsimmons H; Hale T; Tan ST; Gray C; White MPJ
    Infantile haemangioma (IH), the most common vascular tumour of infancy, is comprised of diverse cell types including endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts and immune cells. IH is characterized by rapid proliferation followed by slow involution over 1 - 10 years. Most lesions regress spontaneously, but up to 10% can be disfiguring with complications that require further medical treatment. Recent research has revealed the biological characteristics of IH, highlighting the involvement of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis during tumour formation. Gene expression profiling has provided vital insights into these underlying biological processes, with some of the key IH-related pathways identified, including VEGF, RAAS, HIF-1α, Notch, PDGF, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, FGF, PPARγ, IGF. Further evidence suggests extracellular matrix factors and hormone receptors regulate IH progression. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the proliferating, plateau and involuting phases of IH. This involves identifying differentially expressed genes, targeted proteins, and key signalling pathways. This knowledge will increase the broader understanding of vascular development, tissue remodelling and angiogenesis.
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    Structural and epistatic regulatory variants cause hallmark white spotting in cattle
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025-11-14) Jivanji S; Wilkinson E; Tang L; Tiplady KM; Yeates A; Harland C; Gray C; Couldrey C; Worth G; Gamache I; Desjardins J; Tabares JAA; Yamanaka N; McNaughton L; Brennan L; Cloutier M-P; Cowan M; Ellison R; Fransen T; Monehan T; Spelman RJ; Snell RG; Charlier C; Yamanaka Y; Garrick D; Mort R; Littlejohn MD
    Despite being one of the most iconic and immediately recognizable traits in domestic cattle, the variants underpinning the white-spotted coat pattern of Holstein-Friesian and related breeds remain uncharacterized. Here, we report two variants modulating these effects, comprising intronic and long-distance-acting regulatory variants of the MITF and KIT genes. We confirm causality through "Holsteinized" mouse models edited for these alleles and show that these variants are likely responsible for spotting traits in other bovine breeds. These effects include epistatic impacts on other bovine coat patterns, such as fine-scale speckling, "black socks," and reversal of the otherwise dominant, "white-face" trait characteristic of Hereford cattle.