Browsing by Author "Jackson CL"

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    BVLOS Unmanned Aircraft Operations in Forest Environments
    (MDPI, 4/07/2022) Hartley RJL; Henderson I; Jackson CL
    This article presents a review about Beyond Visual Line Of Sight (BVLOS) operations using unmanned aircraft in forest environments. Forest environments present unique challenges for unmanned aircraft operations due to the presence of trees as obstacles, hilly terrain, and remote areas. BVLOS operations help overcome some of these unique challenges; however, these are not widespread due to a number of technical, operational, and regulatory considerations. To help progress the application of BVLOS unmanned aircraft operations in forest environments, this article reviews the latest literature, practices, and regulations, as well as incorporates the practical experience of the authors. The unique characteristics of the operating environment are addressed alongside a clear argument as to how BVLOS operations can help overcome key challenges. The international regulatory environment is appraised with regard to BVLOS operations, highlighting differences between countries, despite commonalities in the considerations that they take into account. After addressing these points, technological, operational, and other considerations are presented and may be taken into account when taking a risk-based approach to BVLOS operations, with gaps for future research to address clearly highlighted. In totality, this article provides a practical understanding of how BVLOS unmanned aircraft operations can be done in forest environments, as well as provides a basis for future research into the topic area.
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    Correction: Hartley et al. BVLOS Unmanned Aircraft Operations in Forest Environments. Drones 2022, 6, 167
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-12-15) Hartley RJAL; Henderson IL; Jackson CL
    In the original publication, there was a mistake in the legend for Table 1. There was an error in the original table calculations for “Approximate Square Area”. Now that they have been corrected, we would like to adjust the table caption to clarify to the readers how the calculations were made. The correct legend appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated. “Table 1. Approximate maximum operating areas based upon VLOS limitations, where VLOS range is equal to the distance between the centre and corner of the calculated square areas and the radius of the calculated circular areas.” In the original publication, there was a mistake in Table 1 as published. In the published table, the maximum operational area of a square flight plan was calculated incorrectly. The calculations were made using the maximum distance to calculate the distance from the centre of the square to the edge of the square rather than from the centre of the square to the corner of the square. The corrected Table 1 appears below. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.