Browsing by Author "Johnson M"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A review of semantic segmentation methods and their application in apple disease detection
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025-05-26) Keshavarzi M; Mesarich C; Bailey D; Johnson M; Gupta GS
    Semantic segmentation, with pixel-wise classification, enables the precise identification of different parts of plants, as well as the diseases that occur on them, in agricultural images. Apples, as one of the most important fruit crops worldwide, are susceptible to various diseases, causing decreased crop quality and increased crop loss. To prevent disease progression and ensure prompt treatment, semantic segmentation acts as an effective method in the context of apple disease detection. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of semantic segmentation methods applied in apple disease detection, ranging from traditional approaches to state-of-the-art techniques. By systematically examining the entire pipeline, from dataset preparation to the segmentation and evaluation stages, this work not only synthesises existing knowledge but also reviews applied solutions and highlights remaining research gaps to enhance segmentation performance. Additionally, it offers a forward-looking perspective by proposing future research directions. Overall, this review aims to advance plant disease detection through semantic segmentation, with a particular emphasis on apples.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Gluten Induces Subtle Histological Changes in Duodenal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Multicentre Study
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-06-15) Rostami K; Ensari A; Marsh MN; Srivastava A; Villanacci V; Carroccio A; Asadzadeh Aghdaei H; Bai JC; Bassotti G; Becheanu G; Bell P; Di Bella C; Bozzola AM; Cadei M; Casella G; Catassi C; Ciacci C; Apostol Ciobanu DG; Cross SS; Danciu M; Das P; Del Sordo R; Drage M; Elli L; Fasano A; Florena AM; Fusco N; Going JJ; Guandalini S; Hagen CE; Hayman DTS; Ishaq S; Jericho H; Johncilla M; Johnson M; Kaukinen K; Levene A; Liptrot S; Lu L; Makharia GK; Mathews S; Mazzarella G; Maxim R; La Win Myint K; Mohaghegh-Shalmani H; Moradi A; Mulder CJJ; Ray R; Ricci C; Rostami-Nejad M; Sapone A; Sanders DS; Taavela J; Volta U; Walker M; Derakhshan M; Witteman B
    Background: Histological changes induced by gluten in the duodenal mucosa of patients with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are poorly defined. Objectives: To evaluate the structural and inflammatory features of NCGS compared to controls and coeliac disease (CeD) with milder enteropathy (Marsh I-II). Methods: Well-oriented biopsies of 262 control cases with normal gastroscopy and histologic findings, 261 CeD, and 175 NCGS biopsies from 9 contributing countries were examined. Villus height (VH, in μm), crypt depth (CrD, in μm), villus-to-crypt ratios (VCR), IELs (intraepithelial lymphocytes/100 enterocytes), and other relevant histological, serologic, and demographic parameters were quantified. Results: The median VH in NCGS was significantly shorter (600, IQR: 400−705) than controls (900, IQR: 667−1112) (p < 0.001). NCGS patients with Marsh I-II had similar VH and VCR to CeD [465 µm (IQR: 390−620) vs. 427 µm (IQR: 348−569, p = 0·176)]. The VCR in NCGS with Marsh 0 was lower than controls (p < 0.001). The median IEL in NCGS with Marsh 0 was higher than controls (23.0 vs. 13.7, p < 0.001). To distinguish Marsh 0 NCGS from controls, an IEL cut-off of 14 showed 79% sensitivity and 55% specificity. IEL densities in Marsh I-II NCGS and CeD groups were similar. Conclusion: NCGS duodenal mucosa exhibits distinctive changes consistent with an intestinal response to luminal antigens, even at the Marsh 0 stage of villus architecture.