Browsing by Author "Langdon, Steven James"
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- ItemInjured athletes : appraisal, coping, optimism, rehabilitation adherence, and rehabilitation engagement : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2015) Langdon, Steven JamesThe relationship between optimism, appraisal of injuries, coping processes, engagement with the rehabilitation program, and injury rehabilitation adherence, in injured athletes has not been extensively examined. These factors have been examined extensively individually and some of the factors have been extensively investigated together, but these factors have not been examined in detail as a complete process (Albinson & Petrie, 2003; Chang, 2002; Gustafsson & Skoog, 2012; Walker, Thatcher, & Lavallee, 2007) A group of 23 injured athletes participated in this research. Data collection was undertaken across a period of 8 weeks, with questionnaires being administered online through links sent out via email. The questionnaires were examining demographics, optimism, cognitive appraisal, coping, rehabilitation adherence, and rehabilitation engagement. The optimism, cognitive appraisal, and coping questionnaires were completed prior to or as soon as possible after the athletes first treatment session. The rehabilitation adherence and rehabilitation engagement questionnaires were completed at the end of each week for a period of eight weeks after the initial questionnaires were completed. Psychometric evaluations found an acceptable level of internal consistency for the measures. Correlation analysis found relationships between rehabilitation adherence and rehabilitation engagement. The initial status and rate of change for rehabilitation adherence and engagement were examined. Suggesting that; injured athletes that are high in rehabilitation adherence at the beginning of their rehabilitation treatment become less adherent at a slower rate than injured athletes who are initially low in adherence, athletes who are initially high in rehabilitation engagement become less engaged at a slower rate than injured athletes who initially are low in rehabilitation engagement, and that injured athletes who are becoming less adherent will become less engaged at a faster rate as time passes from when the injured athlete suffered their injury. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
- ItemTowards a model of organizational citizenship behaviour where it matters the most : civil society workplaces : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University (Albany Campus), New Zealand(Massey University, 2022) Langdon, Steven JamesOrganizational citizenship behaviour is argued to be particularly important to civil society organizations, especially during a pandemic. However, organizational citizenship behaviour needs further theoretically driven research in the civil society sector, which is the overarching aim of this thesis. This thesis identifies two competing measurement models of organizational citizenship behaviour, and a corresponding need to explore its correlates, positioned as proximal correlates (burnout and engagement) and related job attitudes. This thesis recruited N = 442 employees from 217 civil society organizations in New Zealand. Confirmatory factor analysis, interclass correlation coefficients, and within-group agreement indices tested two competing measurement models of organizational citizenship behaviour. These analyses revealed that employees of civil society organizations tended to perform citizenship behaviour in accordance with one of the models: Organ’s (1988) five-factor organizational citizenship behaviour, independent of their organization. Using the data collected from New Zealand’s civil society sector, two-stage structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to develop and test two models of correlates to organizational citizenship behaviour. The results of this analysis suggest that perceived time demands linked positively to burnout, which in turn had a weak positive link to organizational citizenship behaviour. In addition, there was a positive link between citizenship motivation and engagement, which then had a positive relationship with Organ’s (1988) five sub-facet based organizational citizenship behaviour. As a comparative analysis, one-stage meta-analytic structural equation modelling was used to develop and test simplified comparison models of the correlates to organizational citizenship behaviour in the wider literature, that is, excluding civil society. N = 34 independent samples were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analytic results suggested that negative job attitudes had a positive relationship with burnout, but burnout had no relationship with organizational citizenship behaviour. However, positive job attitudes had a positive relationship with engagement, which in turn had a positive relationship with organizational citizenship behaviour in the wider organizational literature. The thesis revealed that there is a key difference between correlates to organizational citizenship behaviour in the wider literature, as tested in the meta-analysis, and in New Zealand’s civil society sector, as tested by structural equation modelling. The relationship between burnout and organizational citizenship behaviour differs across the for-profit and civil society sectors. Burnout was found to have a positive relationship with organizational citizenship behaviour in the civil society sector, but not in the meta-analytic test of the for-profit sector.