Browsing by Author "Plowright RK"
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- ItemBat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014) O Shea TJ; Cryan PM; Cunningham AA; Fooks AR; Hayman DTS; Luis AD; Peel AJ; Plowright RK; Wood JLNBats are sources of high viral diversity and high-profile zoonotic viruses worldwide. Although apparently not pathogenic in their reservoir hosts, some viruses from bats severely affect other mammals, including humans. Examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, Ebola and Marburg viruses, and Nipah and Hendra viruses. Factors underlying high viral diversity in bats are the subject of speculation. We hypothesize that flight, a factor common to all bats but to no other mammals, provides an intensive selective force for coexistence with viral parasites through a daily cycle that elevates metabolism and body temperature analogous to the febrile response in other mammals. On an evolutionary scale, this host–virus interaction might have resulted in the large diversity of zoonotic viruses in bats, possibly through bat viruses adapting to be more tolerant of the fever response and less virulent to their natural hosts.
- ItemBody mass and hibernation microclimate may predict bat susceptibility to white-nose syndrome(John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2021-01-07) Haase CG; Fuller NW; Dzal YA; Hranac CR; Hayman DTS; Lausen CL; Silas KA; Olson SH; Plowright RKIn multihost disease systems, differences in mortality between species may reflect variation in host physiology, morphology, and behavior. In systems where the pathogen can persist in the environment, microclimate conditions, and the adaptation of the host to these conditions, may also impact mortality. White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating bats caused by an environmentally persistent fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. We assessed the effects of body mass, torpid metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, and hibernaculum temperature and water vapor deficit on predicted overwinter survival of bats infected by P. destructans. We used a hibernation energetics model in an individual-based model framework to predict the probability of survival of nine bat species at eight sampling sites across North America. The model predicts time until fat exhaustion as a function of species-specific host characteristics, hibernaculum microclimate, and fungal growth. We fit a linear model to determine relationships with each variable and predicted survival and semipartial correlation coefficients to determine the major drivers in variation in bat survival. We found host body mass and hibernaculum water vapor deficit explained over half of the variation in survival with WNS across species. As previous work on the interplay between host and pathogen physiology and the environment has focused on species with narrow microclimate preferences, our view on this relationship is limited. Our results highlight some key predictors of interspecific survival among western bat species and provide a framework to assess impacts of WNS as the fungus continues to spread into western North America.
- ItemThe equine Hendra virus vaccine remains a highly effective preventative measure against infection in horses and humans: 'The imperative to develop a human vaccine for the Hendra virus in Australia'.(2016) Peel AJ; Field HE; Reid PA; Plowright RK; Broder CC; Skerratt LF; Hayman DTS; Restif O; Taylor M; Martin G; Crameri G; Smith I; Baker M; Marsh GA; Barr J; Breed AC; Wood JLN; Dhand N; Toribio J-A; Cunningham AA; Fulton I; Bryden WL; Secombe C; Wang L-F