Browsing by Author "Wong G"

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    Asian Drinking Cultures in New Zealand: A Scoping Review
    (SAGE Publications Inc, 19/05/2022) Adams J; Wong G; Zhao IY; Saravanakumar P; Holroyd E; Neville S
    Alcohol use causes harm across most populations. However, comparatively little research and policy attention has been paid to drinking cultures among Asian people. A scoping review was undertaken to identify drinking patterns, alcohol-related harm, drinking culture among Asian youth, young adults, and adults living in New Zealand. A search of literature identified 39 relevant outputs. The findings indicated that Asian people enjoy a comparative health advantage when compared with non-Asian population groups through lower rates of alcohol consumption, less risky drinking, and experiencing less harm from drinking. Despite these advantages, the results identified areas where improvements with Asian people’s relationships and experiences with alcohol may be warranted. It is important to develop targeted approaches to Asian drinking that can build on the current whole population-level alcohol initiatives. Further research is warranted to identify specific and additional strategies to address problematic alcohol use in this cohort.
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    Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and NAD+ biosynthesis are reduced in human sarcopenia across ethnicities
    (Springer Nature Limited, 2019-12-20) Migliavacca E; Tay SKH; Patel HP; Sonntag T; Civiletto G; McFarlane C; Forrester T; Barton SJ; Leow MK; Antoun E; Charpagne A; Seng Chong Y; Descombes P; Feng L; Francis-Emmanuel P; Garratt ES; Giner MP; Green CO; Karaz S; Kothandaraman N; Marquis J; Metairon S; Moco S; Nelson G; Ngo S; Pleasants T; Raymond F; Sayer AA; Ming Sim C; Slater-Jefferies J; Syddall HE; Fang Tan P; Titcombe P; Vaz C; Westbury LD; Wong G; Yonghui W; Cooper C; Sheppard A; Godfrey KM; Lillycrop KA; Karnani N; Feige JN
    The causes of impaired skeletal muscle mass and strength during aging are well-studied in healthy populations. Less is known on pathological age-related muscle wasting and weakness termed sarcopenia, which directly impacts physical autonomy and survival. Here, we compare genome-wide transcriptional changes of sarcopenia versus age-matched controls in muscle biopsies from 119 older men from Singapore, Hertfordshire UK and Jamaica. Individuals with sarcopenia reproducibly demonstrate a prominent transcriptional signature of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in skeletal muscle, with low PGC-1α/ERRα signalling, and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial proteostasis genes. These changes translate functionally into fewer mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial respiratory complex expression and activity, and low NAD+ levels through perturbed NAD+ biosynthesis and salvage in sarcopenic muscle. We provide an integrated molecular profile of human sarcopenia across ethnicities, demonstrating a fundamental role of altered mitochondrial metabolism in the pathological loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in older people.