Book Chapters
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7581
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Item Water Supply and Ancient Society in the Lake Balkhash Basin: Runoff Variability along the Historical Silk Road(Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019-08-15) Panyushkina IP; Macklin MG; Toonen WHJ; Meko DM; Yang LE; Bork H-R; Fang X; Mischke SExpansion of agricultural practices from the Fertile Crescent to China during the mid and late Holocene are believed to have shaped the early network of Silk Road routes and possibly regulated the dynamics of trade and exchange in the urban oases along the Silk Road throughout its existence. While the impacts of climate change on the Silk Road are more or less documented for the medieval period, they remain poorly understood for early history of the Silk Road, especially in Central Asia. We analyze hydroclimatic proxies derived from fluvial stratigraphy, geochronology, and tree-ring records that acted on various time scales in the Lake Balkhash Basin to learn how changes in water supply could have influenced the early farmers in the Semirechye region of southern Kazakhstan. Our approach aims to identify short-term and long-term variability of regional runoff and to compare the hydrological data with cultural dynamics coupled with the archaeological settlement pattern and agricultural production. The reconstructed runoff variability underscore the contribution of winter precipitation driven by the interaction between the Arctic oscillation and the Siberian High-Pressure System, to Central Asian river discharge. We show that Saka people of the Iron Age employed extensive ravine agriculture on the alluvial fans of the Tian Shan piedmont, where floodwater farming peaked between 400 BC and 200 BC. The early Silk Road farmers on the alluvial fans favored periods of reduced flood flows, river stability and glacier retreat in the Tian Shan Mountains. Moreover, they were able to apply simple flow control structures to lead water across the fan surface. It is very unlikely that changes in water supply ever significantly constricted agricultural expansion in this region.Item Akaoraora'ia te peu 'ā to 'ui tūpuna: Culturally responsive pedagogy for cook islands secondary school physical education(2013-01-01) Te Ava A; Rubie-Davies C; Airini; Ovens AThis research examines outcomes from introducing cultural values into Cook Islands secondary schools during two cycles of action research comprising planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The cultural values upon which the physical education lessons were based were: tāueue (participation), angaanga kapiti (cooperation), akatano (discipline), angaanga taokotai (community involvement), te reo Maori Kuki Airani (Cook Islands Maori language), and auora (physical and spiritual wellbeing). The cultural values were believed to be an essential element of teaching physical education but one challenge was how to assist teachers to implement the cultural values into classroom teaching as most participant teachers were not Cook Islanders. Findings from this action research project suggest that while participant teachers and community cultural experts may agree to incorporate cultural values in teaching Cook Islands secondary school students, teachers nonetheless find difficulties in implementing this objective. Copyright © The Authors 2013.Item Trajectories and Transitions in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity(2015-01-01) Howe LD; Firestone R; Tilling K; Lawlor DAThe last few decades have seen a dramatic rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in most high-income countries. This rise has been seen across all ages, even in very young children. Childhood obesity has both immediate and long-term health consequences and is now recognised as one of the most important public health concerns of our time. In this chapter, we take a life course perspective to review the evidence on trajectories and transitions in childhood and adolescent obesity. Understanding the life course aetiology of obesity is essential to inform prevention strategies – for example, knowing how the incidence of obesity changes across childhood and adolescence can be informative about the potential impact of intervening in different age groups. In this chapter, we review the evidence on the ages at which children tend to become overweight or obese, and the degree to which obesity persists once established. We then go on to discuss the importance of applying a life course perspective to the study of childhood and adolescent obesity, including the possibility that distinct adiposity trajectories have different long-term health consequences and the fact that longitudinal studies enable a finer analysis of the determinants of obesity than is possible from cross-sectional studies, improving aetiological insight. In the concluding part of this chapter, we reflect on the importance of a life course perspective in studies of childhood and adolescent obesity, and discuss future directions for life course studies in this area.Item Surviving well together: post development, maternity care and the politics of ontological pluralism(Routledge, 2019) McKinnon K; Healy S; Dombroski K; Klein, E; Morreo, CEItem Care-full Community Economies(Routledge, 2018) Dombroski KF; Healy S; McKinnon KI; Harcourt, W; Bauhardt, CItem Organisational response to the 2007 Ruapehu Crater Lake breakout lahar in New Zealand: Use of communication in creating an effective response(Springer International Publishing, 2016-01-05) Becker J; Leonard GJ; Potter SH; Coomer MA; Paton D; Wright K; Johnston DM; Fearnley, C; Bird, D; Jolly, GE; Haynes, KWhen Mt. Ruapehu erupted in 1995-1996 in New Zealand, a tephra barrier was created alongside Crater Lake on the top of Mt. Ruapehu. This barrier acted as a dam, with Crater Lake rising behind it over time. In 2007 the lake breached the dam and a lahar occurred down the Whangaehu Valley and across the volcano’s broad alluvial ring-plain. Given the lahar history from Ruapehu, the risk from the 2007 event was identified beforehand and steps taken to reduce the risks to life and infrastructure. An early warning system was set up to notify when the dam had broken and the lahar had occurred. Physical works to mitigate the risk were put in place. A planning group was also formed and emergency management plans were put in place to respond to the risk. To assess the effectiveness of planning for and responding to the lahar, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with personnel from key organisations both before and after the lahar event. This chapter discusses the findings from the interviews in the context of communications, and highlights how good communications contributed to an effective emergency management response. As the potential for a lahar was identifiable, approximately 10 years of lead-up time was available to install warning system hardware, implement physical mitigation measures, create emergency management plans, and practice exercises for the lahar. The planning and exercising developed effective internal communications, engendered relationships, and moved individuals towards a shared mental model of how a respond to the event. Consequently, the response played out largely as planned with only minor communication issues occurring on the day of the lahar. The minor communication issues were due to strong personal connections leading to at least one case of the plan being bypassed. Communication levels during the lahar event itself were also different from that experienced in exercises, and in some instances communications were seen to increase almost three-fold. This increase in level of communication, led to some difficulty in getting through to the main Incident Control Point. A final thought regarding public communications prior to the event was that more effort could have been given to developing and integrating public information about the lahar, to allow for ease of understanding about the event and integration of information across agencies.Item South African women as champions of change: A civil society programme of action for the African women’s decade(HSRC Press, 2014) Chitiga-Mabugu M; Karuaihe S; Reddy V; Morison T; Botsis H; Ntuli M; Tsoanamatsie NWomen are agents of their own development and make valuable contributions towards the eradication of poverty and the establishment of early childhood structures in South Africa. South African Women as Champions of Change provides a perspective on the complexities in best practice case studies in respect of civil society engagement with poverty eradication, early childhood development, gender-based violence, and the advocacy initiatives aligned to some of these programs. A cross-cutting theme underpinning the analysis is an exploration of the socioeconomic conditions that promote employment creation for women. This book is a timely reminder of the invaluable contribution made by civil society organizations towards addressing the challenges affecting grassroots South African communities.Item 'Failed' mothers,‘failed’ womxn: Demarcating normative mothering(Routledge, 2019-12-09) Macleod CI; Feltham-King T; Mavuso JM-JJ; Morison T; Zuffrey, C; Buchanan, FIn this chapter, we show how the boundaries of acceptable mothering are demarcated and regulated through reference to the ‘Other’ (Woollett & Phoenix, 1997). Using examples of ‘womxn’ who refuse motherhood, terminate pregnancies and reproduce when considered to be too young, we outline how womxn who ‘fail’ at normative mothering or who deviate from expected reproductive decisions form the pathologised presence that pre-defines the absent trace of normative mothering and the successful accomplishment of womxnhood (Macleod, 2001). We use the term ‘womxn’ and ‘womxnhood’ to disrupt normative assumptions about gender and sex, here taken to be socially constructed, which write gender and sex onto individuals. In this chapter, the term ‘womxn’ denotes and recognises womxn-identifying persons with the biological capacity to become pregnant, including intersex and transgender individuals. We also use this term to foreground the experiences of womxn of colour, womxn from/living in the global South, trans, queer and intersex womxn, as well as all womxn-identifying persons who have been excluded from dominant constructions of ‘womanhood’ and feminist praxis on the subject (Ashlee, Zamora & Karikari, 2017; Merbruja, 2015).Item Moving forward with the past in front of us: Treaty settlements, conservation, co-governance and communication(2014-12-22) Dodson G; Dodson, G; Papoutsaki, EItem The Location of the Philippines within Spanish Official Frameworks(Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019-02-04) Díaz Rodríguez JM; Colmeiro, J; Martínez-Expósito, AThis article explores several notions of location in relation to the Philippines. Contrasting Filipino studies which problematise conceptions of the Philippines as Asian, this essay focuses on Spanish perceptions of the archipelago in official political and economic plans regarding Spain’s presence in Asia in the 21st century. The Philippines plays an important role in these plans, as it is listed as a priority country for Spanish actions in this region, mostly due to the shared colonial links. Despite this shared history, there are several Spanish ambivalent perceptions that locate the Philippines as a country connected to Spain and, at the same time, in the periphery of countries with a Hispanic heritage, which is evident in the location of Fil-Hispanic studies within Hispanic scholarship. Furthermore, Spanish official perceptions are often politically motivated, in relation to the practical uses that the location of the Philippines can have for Spain as a gateway to Asia, in particular, the neoliberal focus of certain Spanish policies, which re-establish a centre-periphery dynamics in a neo-colonial global context.
