Book Chapters

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    Trajectories and Transitions in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
    (2015-01-01) Howe LD; Firestone R; Tilling K; Lawlor DA
    The last few decades have seen a dramatic rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in most high-income countries. This rise has been seen across all ages, even in very young children. Childhood obesity has both immediate and long-term health consequences and is now recognised as one of the most important public health concerns of our time. In this chapter, we take a life course perspective to review the evidence on trajectories and transitions in childhood and adolescent obesity. Understanding the life course aetiology of obesity is essential to inform prevention strategies – for example, knowing how the incidence of obesity changes across childhood and adolescence can be informative about the potential impact of intervening in different age groups. In this chapter, we review the evidence on the ages at which children tend to become overweight or obese, and the degree to which obesity persists once established. We then go on to discuss the importance of applying a life course perspective to the study of childhood and adolescent obesity, including the possibility that distinct adiposity trajectories have different long-term health consequences and the fact that longitudinal studies enable a finer analysis of the determinants of obesity than is possible from cross-sectional studies, improving aetiological insight. In the concluding part of this chapter, we reflect on the importance of a life course perspective in studies of childhood and adolescent obesity, and discuss future directions for life course studies in this area.
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    South African women as champions of change: A civil society programme of action for the African women’s decade
    (HSRC Press, 2014) Chitiga-Mabugu M; Karuaihe S; Reddy V; Morison T; Botsis H; Ntuli M; Tsoanamatsie N
    Women are agents of their own development and make valuable contributions towards the eradication of poverty and the establishment of early childhood structures in South Africa. South African Women as Champions of Change provides a perspective on the complexities in best practice case studies in respect of civil society engagement with poverty eradication, early childhood development, gender-based violence, and the advocacy initiatives aligned to some of these programs. A cross-cutting theme underpinning the analysis is an exploration of the socioeconomic conditions that promote employment creation for women. This book is a timely reminder of the invaluable contribution made by civil society organizations towards addressing the challenges affecting grassroots South African communities.
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    Introduction: Ministers, minders and mandarins
    (2018) Shaw R; Eichbaum C; Shaw, R; Eichbaum, C
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    Representation and voice in a complex communication environment
    (2014-12-22) Dodson G; Papoutsaki E; Dodson, G; Papoutsaki, E
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    Acoustics and Biological Structures
    (InTechOpen, 2019-04-25) Alves-Pereira M; Rapley B; Bakker H; Summers S; Fellah, ZEA; Ogam, E
    Within the context of noise-induced health effects, the impact of airborne acoustical phenomena on biological tissues, particularly within the lower frequency ranges, is very poorly understood. Although the human body is a viscoelastic-composite material, it is generally modeled as Hooke elastic. This implies that acoustical coupling is considered to be nonexistent at acoustical frequencies outside of the human auditory threshold. Researching the acoustical properties of mammalian tissue raises many problems. When tissue samples are investigated as to their pure mechanical properties, stimuli are not usually in the form of airborne pressure waves. Moreover, since the response of biological tissue is dependent on frequency, amplitude, and time profile, precision laboratory equipment and relevant physiological endpoints are mandatory requirements that are oftentimes difficult to achieve. Drawing upon the viscoelastic nature of biological tissue and the tensegrity model of cellular architecture, this chapter will visit what is known to date on the biological response to a variety of different acoustic stimuli at very low frequencies.
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    Evolutionary Distributed Control of a Biologically Inspired Modular Robot
    (IntechOpen, 2008) Lal SP; Yamada K; Iba, H
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    Acoustics and biological structures
    (IntechOpen, 2018) Bakker H; Alves-Periera M; Summers S; Rapley B
    Within the context of noise-induced health effects, the impact of airborne acoustical phenomena on biological tissues, particularly within the lower frequency ranges, is very poorly understood. Although the human body is a viscoelastic- composite material, it is generally modeled as Hooke elastic. This implies that acoustical coupling is considered to be nonexistent at acoustical frequencies outside of the human auditory threshold. Researching the acoustical properties of mam- malian tissue raises many problems. When tissue samples are investigated as to their pure mechanical properties, stimuli are not usually in the form of airborne pressure waves. Moreover, since the response of biological tissue is dependent on frequency, amplitude, and time profile, precision laboratory equipment and relevant physi- ological endpoints are mandatory requirements that are oftentimes difficult to achieve. Drawing upon the viscoelastic nature of biological tissue and the tensegrity model of cellular architecture, this chapter will visit what is known to date on the biological response to a variety of different acoustic stimuli at very low frequencies.
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    Autonomous anthromorphic robotic system with low-cost colour sensors to monitor plant growth in a laboratory
    (In-Tech, 2012) Sen Gupta G; Seelye M; Seelye J; Bailey D; Dutta, A