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    How does financial literacy impact on inclusive finance?
    (Springer Nature on behalf of the Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 2021-12-01) Hasan M; Le T; Hoque A
    Inclusive finance is a core concept of finance that makes various financial products and services accessible and affordable to all individuals and businesses, especially those excluded from the formal financial system. One of the leading forces affecting people's ability to access financial services in rural areas is financial literacy. This study investigated the impacts of financial knowledge on financial access through banking, microfinance, and fintech access using the Bangladesh rural population data. We employed three econometrics models: logistic regression, probit regression, and complementary log–log regression to examine whether financial literacy significantly affects removing the barriers that prevent people from participating and using financial services to improve their lives. The empirical findings showed that knowledge regarding various financial services factors had significant impacts on getting financial access. Some variables such as profession, income level, knowledge regarding depositing and withdrawing money, and knowledge regarding interest rate highly affected the overall access to finance. The study's results provide valuable recommendations for the policymaker to improve financial inclusion in the developing country context. A comprehensive and long-term education program should be delivered broadly to the rural population to make a big stride in financial inclusion, a key driver of poverty reduction and prosperity boosting.
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    Does market efficiency matter for Shanghai 50 ETF index options?
    (Elsevier B V, 2024-01-01) Hoque A; Le T; Hasan M; Abedin MZ
    This study aims to measure Shanghai 50 Exchange-Traded Fund (SSE 50 ETF) index options efficiency for trading in different periods of a trading day. We use an econometric model of put-call-parity to test the market efficiency for three moneyness situations: call at-the-money and put at-the-money, call in-the-money and put out-of-the-money, call out-of-the-money, and put in-the-money. The SSE 50 ETF index options market is efficient when both call and put options are at-the-money, leading to accurately-priced call and put options. The SSE 50 ETF index options market is inefficient if the call is in-the-money (out-of-the-money) and the put is out-of-the-money (in-the-money). Furthermore, call and put options are over-priced (under-priced) and under-priced (over-priced), respectively, when the inefficient SSE 50 ETF index options market. Traders can take a long or short position based on call-put option pricing to reduce hedging costs and increase speculative premiums.