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Item COVID-19 Lockdown in New Zealand: Perceived Stress and Wellbeing among International Health Students Who Were Essential Frontline Workers(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-08-06) Jagroop-Dearing A; Leonard G; Shahid SM; van Dulm O; Dong Z; Gorriz JM; Zhang YThis study examined the stresses and wellbeing of international postgraduate health and nursing students at a tertiary education institute in New Zealand who were mainly essential frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 lockdown. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected by purposeful sampling (n = 43). The study utilised a cross-sectional survey, along with the Short Form of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), adapted for the COVID-19 lockdown, and followed by semi-structured individual interviews. This study is the first in New Zealand to demonstrate that, with a mean PSS-10 score of 21.7 (±7.1), international health students experienced higher than optimal levels of stress, with supporting qualitative data identifying four themes for the sources of stress: (1) familial relationships, (2) essential work, (3) finances, and (4) study. However, these students coped because of the extensive support provided by their education institute and employers. These students played a critical role in the pandemic’s response and made a significant public health contribution by working in the frontline of the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering the global shortage of healthcare workers and understanding the key challenges, means of coping and support provisions, as we have here, offer insights for building and maintaining a resilient and resourceful health workforce through international health and nursing students in New Zealand and elsewhere.Item The Impacts of the COVID-19 Traffic Light System on Staff in Tertiary Education in New Zealand(MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, 2024-01) Taylor L-A; Reid J; Jagroop-Dearing A; Liu XThe global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic demanded a swift transition in the usual educational mode of delivery from face to face to online. New Zealand established “a traffic light system” after initial COVID-19 lockdowns, and educational delivery adapted accordingly at a tertiary education provider in Te Pūkenga, Eastern Institute of Technology. This study investigates the ramifications of the traffic light system on this institute’s staff, employing semi-structured interviews and an inductive semantic thematic analysis. The findings reveal a universal impact on staff, characterized by an augmented workload attributed to students’ absences and illnesses. This led to increased support demands of staff for their students’ academic progression. Anxiety, stress, and guilt emerged as prevalent emotions linked to student support. Despite the staff adapting to the mandates, a notable challenge arose from the discord between educational and industry directives, causing confusion among the students. While the study indicates staff resilience in navigating the traffic light changes, it underscores the imperative of recognizing the toll on their wellbeing. The research calls for a proactive consideration of future challenges, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding the mental and emotional health of tertiary education staff amidst potential uncertainties in educational delivery.Item Bowel screening in New Zealand: are men and Pacific peoples being left behind?(Taylor & Francis Group, 2022) O’Connor L; Braithwaite-Flores A; Jagroop-Dearing A; Dearing CGColorectal cancer screening participation is influenced by several factors including ethnicity and gender. Results from the first 6 months of a new screening scheme were examined in the Hawke’s Bay region of New Zealand. All residents aged between 60 and 74 years of age who participated in the scheme by returning a faecal immunochemical test kit were included. Participant ethnicity was compared with 2018 Hawke’s Bay Census data. Participants who returned a normal (negative), abnormal (positive) and a spoilt kit (defined as being unable to be processed for testing), were collated and compared for gender and ethnicity. A total of 3444 residents participated in the scheme. Overall, participant ethnicity proportions did not represent the Census population for Hawke’s Bay District Health Board residents. The proportions of Māori and Pacific peoples participating were lower than expected. The odds of returning a spoilt kit were six times higher (p = 0.013) for Pacific peoples and four times higher for men (p = 0.040). This short communication suggests that bowel screening programmes in New Zealand need to collate kit return rates and spoilt kits with the numbers of kits that are actually sent out to ensure equity for bowel screening in New Zealand.Item Exploring youth vaping in New Zealand intermediate and high schools: a mixed-methods study protocol(BioMed Central Limited, part of Springer Nature, London, 2025-12) Jagroop-Dearing A; Lañas–Pangan J; Khan MH; Dearing CG; Forrest RHBackground: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) represent a global growing public-health concern among adolescents. In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), daily vaping rates have risen sharply (10.5%) among 15–17-year-olds in 2023/24. This is alarming due to nicotine’s addictive nature and its impact on adolescent brain development, mental health, and academic performance. Māori youth and those in socio-economically deprived areas are disproportionately affected, exacerbating existing health-inequities. Legislative frameworks prohibit vaping on school premises, yet ease of access remains a concern. Punitive school responses are increasingly viewed as harmful and ineffective, highlighting an urgent need for evidence-based, health-centred interventions. Methods: This multiphase, mixed-methods study explores vaping within secondary schools on the East Coast, NZ. Phase 1 involves online surveys to collect quantitative data on vaping behaviours, targeting 1375 students to ensure sufficient statistical power. Initial qualitative data will be gathered alongside. Phase 2 employs in-depth interviews and focus groups with students (vapers/non-vapers) and staff to explore perceptions of health risks, access, and effectiveness of school responses. A rapid scoping review (RSR) will synthesise existing research on adolescent vaping in Oceanic countries, identifying behavioural patterns, legislative impacts, and gaps in the evidence base. Discussion: This protocol addresses critical knowledge gaps by integrating quantitative and qualitative findings with a RSR. This study aims to inform the development of culturally appropriate, health-based, vape prevention and cessation strategies. Ultimately, findings may support a paradigm shift away from punitive disciplinary measures towards supportive school-based interventions, that improve public-health outcomes and reduce health inequities.Item Enhancing Rangatahi Wellbeing in Secondary Education Through Implementation of the Meke Meter™(Springer Nature on behalf of the New Zealand Association for Research in Education, 2025-06-02) Armstrong D; Jagroop-Dearing A; Forrest RHAdolescent wellbeing is crucial, yet secondary schools face challenges in effectively addressing it. The Meke Meter™, an indigenous self-reflection tool, shows promise in promoting wellbeing, but its application in secondary schools remains unexplored. This study investigates the suitability and efficacy of the Meke Meter™ in capturing the self-evaluated wellbeing of rangatahi (adolescents) in Aotearoa New Zealand secondary schools. A qualitative multiple case study design was employed, involving two case studies: one in a mainstream co-educational school using the paper-based Meke Meter™, and another in an alternative education program using the online version. Data collection involved questionnaires for students and teachers, analysed through inductive thematic analysis and appreciative inquiry. Both students and teachers found the Meke Meter™ appealing and valuable for self-reflection and goal-setting. The tool’s ease of use, visual design, and alignment with the curriculum were highlighted. It facilitated pastoral care, student voice, and co-construction of learning. However, challenges in data tracking and the need for clearer explanations and additional resources were identified. The Meke Meter™ shows promise in promoting rangatahi wellbeing in secondary schools. Future development should focus on a mobile app with goal-setting, gamification, and notification features. Comprehensive consultation with stakeholders is crucial to ensure cultural safety and effectiveness.