Massey Documents by Type

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294

Browse

Filters

2016 - 20172

Settings

Has files: NoSubject: search.filters.subject.Female

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Physical activity participation in community dwelling stroke survivors: Synergy and dissonance between motivation and capability. A qualitative study
    (Elsevier, 2016) Morris JH; Oliver T; Kroll T; Joice SA; Willaims B
    Objectives The evidence supporting benefits of physical activity (PA) on fitness, functioning, health and secondary prevention after strokeis compelling. However, many stroke survivors remain insufficiently active. This study explored survivors’ perspectives and experiences ofPA participation to develop an explanatory framework that physiotherapists and other health professionals can use to develop person-specificstrategies for PA promotion.Design Qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data was audio-recorded and transcribed. Analysis followed theFramework Approach.Setting Community setting, interviews conducted within participants’ homes.Participants Community dwelling stroke survivors (n = 38) six months or more after the end of their rehabilitation, purposively selected bydisability, PA participation and socio-demographic status.Results Findings suggest that survivors’ beliefs, attitudes, and physical and social context generated synergy or dissonance between motivation(desire to be active) and capability (resources to be active) for PA participation. Dissonance occurred when motivated survivors had limitedcapability for activity, often leading to frustration. Confidence to achieve goals and determination to overcome barriers, acted as activitycatalysts when other influences were synergistic. We illustrate these relationships in a dynamic explanatory model that can be used to supportboth novel interventions and personal activity plans.Conclusions This study suggests a shift is required from purely pragmatic approaches to PA promotion towards conceptual solutions. Under-standing how synergy or dissonance between motivation and capability influence individual survivors’ behaviour will support physiotherapists and other health professionals in promoting PA. This study provides a model for developing person-centred, tailored interventions that address barriers encountered by stroke survivors.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Occupation and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer: The ARCAGE study
    (Wiley Online, 15/05/2012) Richiardi L; Corbin M; Marron M; Ahrens W; Pohlabeln H; Lagiou P; Minaki P; Agudo A; Castellsague X; Slamova A; Schejbalova M; Kjaerheim K; Barzan L; Talamini R; MacFarlane GJ; MacFarlane TV; Canova C; Simonato L; Conway DI; McKinney PA; Sneddon L; Thomson P; Znaor A; Healy CM; McCartan BE; Benhamou S; Bouchardy C; Hashibe M; Brennan P; Merletti F
    We investigated the association between occupational history and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk in the ARCAGE European case-control study. The study included 1,851 patients with incident cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx or esophagus and 1,949 controls. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ever employment in 283 occupations and 172 industries, adjusting for smoking and alcohol. Men (1,457 cases) and women (394 cases) were analyzed separately and we incorporated a semi-Bayes adjustment approach for multiple comparisons. Among men, we found increased risks for occupational categories previously reported to be associated with at least one type of UADT cancer, including painters (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.01-3.00), bricklayers (1.58, 1.05-2.37), workers employed in the erection of roofs and frames (2.62, 1.08-6.36), reinforced concreters (3.46, 1.11-10.8), dockers (2.91, 1.05-8.05) and workers employed in the construction of roads (3.03, 1.23-7.46), general construction of buildings (1.44, 1.12-1.85) and cargo handling (2.60, 1.17-5.75). With the exception of the first three categories, risks both increased when restricting to long duration of employment and remained elevated after semi-Bayes adjustment. Increased risks were also found for loggers (3.56, 1.20-10.5) and cattle and dairy farming (3.60, 1.15-11.2). Among women, there was no clear evidence of increased risks of UADT cancer in association with occupations or industrial activities. This study provides evidence of an association between some occupational categories and UADT cancer risk among men. The most consistent findings, also supported by previous studies, were obtained for specific workers employed in the construction industry. © 2011 UICC.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An empirical analysis of the cost of rearing dairy heifers from birth to first calving and the time taken to repay these costs
    (Cambridge University Press, 8/02/2017) Boulton AC; Rushton J; Wathes DC
    Rearing quality dairy heifers is essential to maintain herds by replacing culled cows. Information on the key factors influencing the cost of rearing under different management systems is, however, limited and many farmers are unaware of their true costs. This study determined the cost of rearing heifers from birth to first calving in Great Britain including the cost of mortality, investigated the main factors influencing these costs across differing farming systems and estimated how long it took heifers to repay the cost of rearing on individual farms. Primary data on heifer management from birth to calving was collected through a survey of 101 dairy farms during 2013. Univariate followed by multivariable linear regression was used to analyse the influence of farm factors and key rearing events on costs. An Excel spreadsheet model was developed to determine the time it took for heifers to repay the rearing cost. The mean±SD ages at weaning, conception and calving were 62±13, 509±60 and 784±60 days. The mean total cost of rearing was £1819±387/heifer with a mean daily cost of £2.31±0.41. This included the opportunity cost of the heifer and the mean cost of mortality, which ranged from £103.49 to £146.19/surviving heifer. The multivariable model predicted an increase in mean cost of rearing of £2.87 for each extra day of age at first calving and a decrease in mean cost of £6.06 for each percentile increase in time spent at grass. The model also predicted a decrease in the mean cost of rearing in autumn and spring calving herds of £273.20 and £288.56, respectively, compared with that in all-year-round calving herds. Farms with herd sizes⩾100 had lower mean costs of between £301.75 and £407.83 compared with farms with <100 milking cows. The mean gross margin per heifer was £441.66±304.56 (range £367.63 to £1120.08), with 11 farms experiencing negative gross margins. Most farms repaid the cost of heifer rearing in the first two lactations (range 1 to 6 lactations) with a mean time from first calving until breaking even of 530±293 days. The results of the economic analysis suggest that management decisions on key reproduction events and grazing policy significantly influence the cost of rearing and the time it takes for heifers to start making a profit for the farm.