Massey Documents by Type

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294

Browse

Filters

2002 - 200912010 - 20171

Settings

Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.Calcium in human nutrition

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A retrospective and cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of dietary acculturation on the dietary calcium intake among Filipino women who recently immigrated to New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Human Nutrition at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2017) Monzales, Rosario Pillar
    Filipinos in New Zealand have steadily grown in number over recent decades, and the majority undergo a dietary acculturation process, or the dietary adaptation of individuals in their host country. In the Philippines, the nutrient with the highest inadequacy in the diet is calcium, primarily contributed by fish and indigenous vegetables that are not readily available in New Zealand. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary acculturation on the calcium intake of Filipino women recently immigrated to New Zealand and to explore the primary factors affecting their bone mineral status. Sixty-two (62) healthy pre-menopausal Filipino women (20–45 years old) were recruited. Current and previous dietary calcium intake, serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) (n=61), physical activity data via an accelerometer, and bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were measured. Gross lean mass was calculated (total mass – [whole body total bone content + total fat mass]). Variables considered to be associated with bone mineral status were applied to a multiple regression analysis using the enter method. The median calcium intake for New Zealand [418 (260, 620) mg d-1] after immigration was significantly lower than the intake in the Philippines [506 (358, 823) mg d-1], Z= -2.41, p=0.02, medium effect size r=0.22. The significant predictor of bone mineral status among Filipino women was gross lean mass, whereas current and previous dietary calcium intake, physical activity and serum 25(OH)D were not found to be significant. However, a high prevalence (69%) of serum 25(OH)D <50nmol/L (mild–moderate deficiency) was detected. These findings illustrate the potential detrimental consequences of dietary acculturation on the essential nutrient intake of immigrants, but also provide an opportunity to correct previous dietary inadequacies by exposure to corresponding nutrient-dense foods from the host country.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The effect of a high calcium dairy based supplement on parameters of bone health in pre-pubertal New Zealand children : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Nutritional Science at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2002) Merrilees, Megan Joan
    With an ageing population and an increased awareness of the rising health costs of fractures caused by osteoporosis (1); the focus of osteoporosis research is changing from treatment to prevention. More recent studies have looked at the effect of calcium supplementation during childhood and adolescence as a method of increasing the peak bone mass (2-10). It is postulated this will lead to a decrease in fractures in later life. This study investigated the effect of a calcium enriched milk drink on bone density, bone mineral content and bone size in both male and female 8-10 year old New Zealand (NZ) pre-pubertal children. One hundred and fifty four NZ pre-pubertal boys and girls were randomized to receive a high calcium dairy (Ca 2+ =1200mg) drink or a control (Ca 2+ =400mg) drink for 18 months. They were assessed at baseline and then every 6 months for the first 18 months, during the supplementation period; they were then followed up 12 months later. Bone mineral density, and bone mineral content was assessed at the total body, hip and spine. Indicators of bone size were measured at the spine. Anthropometric data was collected and Tanner stages of pubertal development, dietary calcium intake, compliance and medical questionnaires were administered. The calcium food frequency questionnaire was validated against a 3 day weighed food record at baseline. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for bone mineral density or bone mineral content observed either before or after the intervention. Trends were seen in bone mineral density in the total hip (p=0.081) and the trochanter (p=0.088). There was no difference in vertebral height or width at any stage of the study, indicating no additional influence on bone size. There were no significant differences between height, weight, lean mass or fat mass. Both groups had high habitual calcium intakes at baseline and this continued throughout the study, resulting in calcium intakes above the estimated calcium threshold for both groups. In this 2 1/2 year study (18 months supplementation, 1 year follow-up) there was no difference in bone mineral density in children aged 8-12 years. This is most likely due to a high habitual dietary calcium intake, that even with minimal addition of calcium to the diet a threshold level was reached where no further benefit was seen.