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    Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Health Insurance in Germany—Results of the Population-Based Health Study of the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE-Adult-Study)
    (Frontiers Media S.A, 2020) Hajek A; Enzenbach C; Stengler K; Glaesmer H; Hinz A; Röhr S; Stein J; Riedel-Heller SG; König H-H
    Objective: To investigate which factors are associated with the willingness to pay (WTP) for health insurance. Methods: The analysis (n = 1,248 individuals) is based on data of a large population-based study—the Health Study of the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE-Adult-Study). With regard to WTP for health insurance, a contingent valuation method with a payment card was used. Several explanatory variables were included. For example, personality factors (in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience) were assessed using the NEO-16 Adjective Measure. Results: Average WTP for health insurance per month equaled about €240 which corresponds to ~14% of household net equivalent income. Multiple regressions showed that an increased WTP was associated with lower age (β = −1.7, p < 0.001), higher (log) household net equivalent income (β = 153.6, p < 0.001), higher social support (β = 2.0, p < 0.05), and private health insurance (β = 131.1, p < 0.001). Furthermore, an increased WTP for health insurance was associated with higher openness to experience (β = 10.1, p < 0.05), whereas it was not associated with agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism. Conclusion: The quite large amount of average WTP for health insurance may suggest that individuals accept current contributions to health insurances and would probably accept higher contributions. While previous studies mainly focused on individuals in late life, we identified a link between socioeconomic, health-related factors, and personality factors (in terms of openness to experience) and WTP in the general adult population.
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    Unthought, or, A contribution to leadership scholarship from a Chinese perspective – based on François Jullien’s work : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management at Massey University, Albany campus, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2022) Yue, Feng (Dennis)
    This theoretical thesis is based on the work of French philosopher François Jullien. The thesis considers issues and challenges in existing leadership scholarship as an outcome of the Western cultural lens. Jullien’s work investigates Western and Chinese thinking traditions and recognises that the emergence of a cultural scholarship is heavily influenced by the ways the sensory world is categorised. The categorisation of reality on the basis of ‘being’ influences aspects of the sensory world a scholar is attentive to and created conditions for the emergence of Western scholarship. The Chinese ideographical language categorised the world on the basis of motion and produced a scholarship that is attentive to silent motions in the sensory world and not identifiable “being” and studies the propensity of things and not identity. By taking a Chinese perspective to reinvestigate Western thinking and vice versa, Jullien’s work makes a contribution by uncovering how separate cultural traditions contribute to each other by revealing insights that are unavailable from only one cultural scholarship (Jullien, 2014, 2015). Jullien calls the knowledge that emerges from between cultural thoughts unthought. This thesis aims to address the question of How can François Jullien’s work contribute to contemporary leadership studies? Following Jullien’s approach, I investigate leadership through a Chinese lens provided by Jullien’s work and uncover unthought in existing leadership scholarship by revealing insights about leadership from a Chinese perspective. This insight adds to leadership knowledge and provides alternative ways of approaching leadership through silent tendencies behind the emergence of identifiable aspects of leadership.
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    The cultural preservation of Tonga : traditional practice and current policy : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Social Policy at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1996) Havea, Sōsefo Fietangata
    Social policy has developed as a discipline since the 1940s, with the coming of the modern welfare state. As a discipline or field of study, social policy has concentrated its vision on modern institutions of government, the constitutional, political and administrative process involved in providing for the welfare of contemporary welfare states. Tonga is an example of an independent State which has grafted a contemporary State onto a highly specialised Polynesian society. With these dual heritages, the question of maintaining Tonga's unique and rich cultural heritage is extremely significant, especially in the context of challenges to the monarchical and aristocratic control of government. This issue is doubly significant because the monarchy has become a crucial element of Tongan tradition, as well as the instrument for maintaining Tonga as an independent nation state, a member of the United Nations and a participant in a large number of international agreements with the obligations these bring. This thesis surveys the institutions which are involved in cultural preservation in Tonga, and contrasts a fundamentally indigenous institution, the kava ceremony, with imported legislative and administrative institutions. It is argued that in dealing with a non-western society, adopting a substantially western form of government, there is a need to examine not just the formal institutions of policy making but also the traditional institutions which continue to influence both the structure of government and its policy objectives. Understanding the interconnection of these different institutions is fundamental to understanding the way that policy, or more importantly, policy reform can be effected.