Massey Documents by Type

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294

Browse

Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.Community development

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 36
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Narratives of Creole islandness : exploring the relational practices of public servants and community leaders in Jamaica : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2023) Waite, SueAnn Georgia
    Understanding islands as spaces that amplify relational phenomena, Creole as produced by the experience of plantation colonialism; and narratives as sense-making tools which sustain cultural repertoires, this thesis uses a case study of public servants and community leaders involved in local development planning in Jamaica to explore the extent to which relational practices of islanders are explainable through narratives of Creole islandness. Assuming relations as the building blocks of institutions, the thesis proposes that examining relations and their cultural context is instrumental to understanding institutional change (and maintenance). The research uses Jamaica as an example of a Creole island, with the local sustainable development planning process and the participatory governance framework as the institutional context. Three subnational jurisdictions in Jamaica provided the basis for identifying a network of public servants and community leaders to produce the conversation data used for analysis. Members of the diaspora involved in related development initiatives were also included. Conversations produced two sets of research data: 1) identity narratives of Creole islanders, and 2) relational practices in the design and implementation of the local development planning and participatory governance processes. Analysis of the data set revealed patterns among public servants and community leaders in their emphasis on different elements of shared narratives of Creole island identity and conceptions of development, as well as patterns of relational practices between public servants and community leaders in their roles in the local development planning and participatory governance processes. The findings provide insight into how cultural narratives and repertoires support actors in their navigation of governance processes on a Creole island and suggest the importance of planning for relational practices when designing and managing development and institutional change processes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Maximising participation : an integrated model of alternative development and participatory instructional design : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2002) Hatton, John
    This thesis is concerned with participation by third world people within an alternative development context. The thesis is aimed at identifying the current parameters within which participation is accepted and proposes that these should (and can) be extended. The thesis proposes a holistic alternative development model, which promotes maximum participation. This model is achieved by the integration of accepted alternative development practice and current instructional technology practice. The thesis initially outlines the theoretical perspectives of both practices to define each process and identify relational, structural and methodological linkages. Investigation of relational linkages reveals a strong link between the two practices with corresponding steps occurring at each phase of the process. In addition the investigation reveals similar considerations, in respect to participation, particularly in the areas of needs analysis, design and evaluation. A parallel ideology in respect to participant input, empowerment and self-determination is also evident. Secondly the thesis proposes an integrated alternative development model that maximises participation and achieves enhanced empowerment, equity and appropriateness. Primary research by way of a case study is utilised to further investigate the model. The case study (based in Vanuatu) gives comparison between current alternative development practice and the integrated model. The study reveals the integrated model significantly enhances participant input resulting in a development intervention that fully considers the instructional needs of participants and better promotes empowerment and efficiency. Using a web based questionnaire as a research tool, the thesis also investigates current participatory trends in instructional design. This research aims to identify if development practitioners have 'picked up' on current instructional technology. The survey revealed that 88% of all respondents whilst promoting participation, did not seek participant input during instructional design. The findings of the thesis show a definite developmental advantage in enhancing participation by the integration of the two practices. Additionally the integrated model proposed in the thesis gives a clear direction as to how this can be achieved.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Food security and community development in the Pacific: Case studies from Fiji
    (https://crawford.anu.edu.au/rmap/devnet/dev-bulletin.php, 2021-02) Vunibola, Suliasi; Leweniqila, Ilisoni
    This paper considers the role of bola vakavanua (the Fijian way of life) in two indigenous Fijian communities, Saroni ¹ and Bucalevu,² in helping rural villages achieve food security. Traditional mechanisms such as so/esolevaki (cultural capital through collective work), together with monthly community work structures in place, can help households achieve food security. Revitalising these traditional mechanisms, encouraging wider use of them, and establishing legal frameworks for protecting traditional food security could have widespread benefits. (¹ Saroni village is in Dogotuki district, Macuata; ² Bucalevu village is in Nakorotubu district in west Viti Levu)
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Development in a world of disorder : tourism, COVID-19 and the adaptivity of South Pacific people
    (Institute of Development Studies, Massey University, 2020) Scheyvens, Regina; Movono, Apisalome; Strickland, Danita; Bibi, Patricia; Tasere, Apakuki; Hills, Georgie; Rihai, Norah; Teama, Fiona
    This research about the impacts of economic slowdown caused by COVID-19 on the wellbeing of tourism-dependent communities in the Pacific emerged from concerns shared by Dr Apisalome Movono and Professor Regina Scheyvens – tourism and development researchers in the Institute of Development Studies at Massey University. Both scholars had previously researched how tourism could contribute to sustainable development of communities in the Pacific and they felt compelled to now examine COVID-19’s effects on people who were highly reliant on tourism income. By Easter 2020, most international flights to the region had ceased and tens of thousands of tourism sector jobs were threatened. Anecdotally, the researchers had heard that some people were adapting quite well to life without international tourists by growing their own food and bartering, for example, but they were also aware of others who were really struggling. They thus started to design a research project that would allow them to understand the complex realities of the impacts of the pandemic on those people whose livelihoods were largely based on tourism, and how they were adapting. The focus was on communities in tourism-dependent areas, as other entities in the region were already running separate surveys on businesses impacted by the slowdown.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    In search of a working philosophy for the faith-based nongovernmental development organisation : a case study of The Salvation Army : a faith based N.G.O. and its involvement in primary health education in East Africa : a thesis presented in partial completion of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Philosophy in Development Studies at the Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2001) Le Leu, Seth
    The role of the Nongovernmental Organisations in development has rapidly expanded over the past thirty years. This growth in scope has resulted in a number of significant problems and benefits. For most NGOs there has been a move from being solely a charity welfare organisation to being required to take over many services previously undertaken by governments in the area of development. A recent further development has been the major change in emphasis by many international development organisations from long-term development to humanitarian assistance as a result of a series of major humanitarian disasters globally. The challenge faced by the international NGO is how to synthesise a comprehensive development philosophy that embraces all its activities. The dominant approach over the last thirty years has been funding projects, with the presumption that these activities would result in sustained community change in the recipient communities. Despite the fact that project-related funding is the main source of development funds, it is very confusing for NGOs in search of a workable philosophy to read the theory on the subject and to find that the development project is almost universally derided as being inappropriate. A synthesis is needed to evaluate the correct place of the project in community development if NGOS are to be consistent in their theory and practice.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Community Development through Corporate Social Responsibility in Livingston, Zambia: Are Hotels Actually Changing Business Practices?
    (Massey University, 2018) Chilufya, Andrew K
    Corporate social responsibility (CSR) presents unique prospects for both local development and valuable business returns for tourism companies. However, optimization of CSR-generated development impacts may largely depend on the willingness of companies to change their corporate practices more. This paper explores CSR practices of hotels and lodges in Livingstone, Zambia, and associated community development impacts of activities they implement in the surrounding Mukuni communities. Findings from research amongst eight hotel and lodge companies, show that where the voluntary process of change of CSR practices was accompanied by multi-stakeholder involvement, which tended to ameliorate adverse power relations, substantial community development benefits were widely captured by communities from CSR initiatives. These findings suggest that in situations where companies willingly incorporate pro-poor approaches in their business practices, multi-stakeholder involvement in CSR might be a plausible approach for ensuring equity and for augmenting the CSR community development impacts.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Working with boys and men for a change : lessons from Fiji : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Developmental Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2005) Romanos, Annie
    Male involvement in sexual and reproductive health and anti-violence interventions are two of the more common entry points in working with men to achieve gender equality. The most promising interventions are those that challenge gender norms, questioning men's views of themselves and stimulating their interest about gender equality in different ways. Although most interventions inevitably alter gender norms in an effort to change the behaviour of project recipients, if not executed in a gender-sensitive fashion, these interventions may exacerbate rather than alleviate existing inequalities. One important issue therefore is when, and to what extent, programming involving men should compromise on feminist goals. The Men as Partners pilot programme and Women's Crisis Centre in Fiji worked with similar groups of men in two distinct ways. The former adopted a locally and culturally appropriate style of addressing men about gender issues and sexual and reproductive health, and the latter took a more radical, feminist, 'rights' stance in workshops with men regarding violence. Through consultation with project participants, family members, project staff, and affiliated NGOs, the research raises questions and discusses the implications for on-going work with men in the field of gender and development. It draws some conclusions about the extent to which each intervention contributed to the transformation of attitudes among men towards equality, and emphasises the need for new 'men in development' strategies to be unapologetically feminist in their focus.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Mining and development : examining the effectiveness of mining company community development intervention in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2018) Richardson, Emma
    This thesis explores the effectiveness of mining company contributions to development within the gold mining communities of Lihir and Simberi islands, in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). More specifically, it analyses the extent to which forms of community development intervention undertaken on Lihir Island by Newcrest Mining Ltd, and on Simberi Island by St Barbara Ltd, actually support meaningful forms of development. This has been achieved through the use of development ethics (Goulet 1995) as a conceptual research framework, which when applied in research practice, gives priority to the wellbeing of those whose realities may be ignored, misread or marginalised within the neoliberal realm of development. This research is based on a total of four months of fieldwork undertaken on Lihir and Simberi islands. It draws on community narratives to frame the relevance of human wellbeing, human rights and inclusive development as development ethics within the research context. This development ethics research lens facilitates discussion about the meaningfulness of development intervention from a morally-informed community development perspective. Underpinned by a locally contextualised appreciation of what human wellbeing and meaningful development means on Lihir and Simberi islands (which results in the exposition of a set of local Community Wellbeing and Development Rights), a critical review of the practice and governance of development intervention within each Island community is then detailed. The analysis of development interventions then proceeds using firstly an evaluation of practices within a human rights lens, and secondly consideration of inclusive development outcomes relative to Newcrest's and St Barbara’s development related rhetoric. The resulting account of mining company community development intervention is critical, but ultimately hopeful. This hopefulness reflects the hope of customary landowners that mining will one day lead to meaningful development benefits. The analysis from this development ethics lens reveals insights into the promotion of social justice through the delivery of mining company development interventions. It is argued that mining companies have the opportunity to enhance a set of locally significant and internationally recognised human rights that are important to the wellbeing and development of customary landowners. Although, in some instances, mining company performance is falling short with respect to the enhancement of these human rights, it is argued that the enhancement of Community Wellbeing and Development Rights exists as a potential means for mining companies to add value to host communities. However, if such a development programme is to be meaningful to customary landowners, it must also advance equity and fairness. If mining companies fail to navigate such complexities, this thesis contends that mining, and forms of mining company community development intervention, will likely do more harm to communities than good.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Optimising community development through corporate social responsibility : an examination of the tourism industry in Livingstone, Zambia : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Development Studies at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2016) Chilufya, Andrew K
    This thesis explores the potential for corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of hotel and lodge companies to contribute to community development. A critical review of relevant literature is followed by focused discussions of the CSR practices of these companies, their community engagement approaches for seeking community voices in CSR, and policy frameworks for promoting CSR and managing stakeholder relationships. The empirical domain is the practices of hotel and lodge companies on Mukuni community land in Livingstone, Zambia. The discussion in each of the main empirical chapters is based on the analysis of perspectives and experiences of participants. Primary data was collected by conducting document and website reviews, and interviews with senior government officials, hotel and lodge managers, the local tourism association, leaders of relevant local and international NGOs, and leaders from Mukuni communities. Data was also collected through group interviews, network mapping, and pairwise ranking and comparison analyses with community farmers and crafts traders. Site observation of some CSR projects in communities was also undertaken. Thematic analysis was applied to code and analyse data. A theoretical framework focusing on “ensuring equity in CSR through multi-stakeholder measures” was developed and applied to understand the findings. Study findings suggest that power relations are a critical issue in CSR when initiatives are carried out in poor communities. It is shown that dominant corporate power and traditional power and cultural influences of community leaders, coupled with weak policy frameworks for promoting CSR and managing stakeholder interactions, are the main factors that determine the effectiveness of CSR as a vehicle for community development. These findings show that although criticisms are justifiably targeted mainly at corporations, communities and government also fall short in a number of ways as parties in promoting CSR. In view of these findings, key stakeholders, including government, hotels and lodges and communities, are challenged to adapt their respective policies, structures, mentalities and practices to ensure equity in CSR. The study has shown that multi-stakeholder involvement in CSR can encourage equity and might be helpful in shifting CSR from reflecting company interests alone to interests and needs of communities. This argument is based on evidence that in some cases, measures that seek to encourage multi-stakeholder involvement in CSR have proved to contribute to promoting equity and to widely spreading opportunities and benefits. It has also been shown that the role of government and other stakeholders is important for improving the overall effectiveness of CSR as a vehicle for community development.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Assessing land rehabilitation in Indonesia : a case study in Karanganyar District, Central Java Province : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Management at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2014) Abdiyani, Susi
    The Ministry of Forestry (MoF) has established hundreds rehabilitation projects to improve productivity of degraded land under the National Movement of Forest and Land Rehabilitation (GN-RHL/Gerhan) scheme. In Karanganyar Regency, Java, MoF?s two-year assessments of these projects have shown high seedling survival rates and detailed the extent of the rehabilitated area but there is no subsequent information on tree growth and the maintenance of rehabilitated areas. This research assessed the longer term success of the Gerhan projects. Stand density, stem diameter and height of timber species: teak (Tectona grandis), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), red cedar/suryan (Toona sureni) were measured. The productivity of Multi Purposes Tree Species (MPTS) in three sub-districts (10 villages) and area planted-maintained were also observed and estimated. At each village four 0.04 ha circular plots were established. Species, stem diameter and height of all trees in each plot were recorded. Mean height and diameter for the main timber species in each sub-district were compared with growth model (Harbagung, 2010; Orwa et al., 2009) predictions, while MPTS productivity was compared to Ministry of Agriculture (MoA)?s guidelines. The extent of the area maintained was also compared to the MoF standard of 55%. All projects below this standard were considered unsuccessful. Stand density ranged from 575-2,488 stems/ha in different districts, higher than the MoF minimum (400 stems/ha), a result of supplementary planting by farmers. Albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria) was the most commonly planted supplementary species. Comparison of mean stem diameter and height for each district revealed that stem diameter for teak and mahogany, 11.5–12.7 cm and 9.8-11.3 cm respectively, generally exceeded the diameters predicted by the growth models, 10.4 cm and 10.0 cm respectively. In contrast, heights, 7.8-11.8 m and 6.7-7.8 m for teak and mahogany respectively, were lower than those predicted by the models, 13.4 m and 11.4 m respectively while diameter (10.0-11.3 cm) and height (6.9–8.9 m) for suryan were similar to those predicted by the growth model (11.2 cm and 7.2 m respectively). The area maintained varied; 3 villages in Tawangmangu ranged from 61-91%, while those in Jumantono and Matesih ranged from 21% to 34%. In terms of tree growth, the projects can be categorised as successful, especially for teak and mahogany suggesting that species selection was appropriate. For MPTS productivity, all No villages achieved success with MPTS projects mostly because of poor management. Using the criteria of planted area maintained, the Gerhan was unsuccessful in Jumantono and Matesih but that in Tawangmangu was categorised as successful. Keywords: GN-RHL/Gerhan, Karanganyar District, stand density, diameter, height, teak, mahogany, suryan, Multi Purposes Tree Species