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    Examining the roles of proximity in craft brewery knowledge-sharing and collaboration in Aotearoa New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2022) O'Hare, Jamie
    The research presented in this thesis examines the roles of proximity dimensions in inter-firm knowledge-sharing and collaboration between craft breweries in Aotearoa New Zealand. I sought to develop a deep understanding of proximity dimensions by responding to the following research questions: (1) What are the roles of proximity in knowledge-sharing between New Zealand’s craft breweries? (1a) How do other dimensions of proximity relate to geographic proximity in the New Zealand Craft Brewing Industry? (2) How are craft brewery collaboration modalities influenced by proximity dimensions in the New Zealand Craft Brewing Industry? Extant literature in this domain focuses on understanding the role of geography and contends that geographic proximity is neither necessary nor sufficient for inter-firm learning or collaboration. Such literature is constrained by static methodological approaches, grounded in positivism. Static positivistic approaches limit understanding as to how the roles of proximity dimensions inter-relate and change over time. Addressing this limitation with an exploratory qualitative approach deepens understanding of proximity in knowledge-sharing and collaboration. Towards this approach, I conduct this research following an interpretive research paradigm. Empirical material has been collected via semi-structured interviews with 24 participants, from 21 craft breweries, across six geographic regions of Aotearoa New Zealand. These interviews were conducted and subsequently analysed using a method devised from productive hermeneutic thinking. Findings show that the role of geographic proximity in craft brewery knowledge-sharing and collaboration is complex. It is a direct enabler of inter-firm knowledge-sharing, but it is foremost an enabler of other proximity dimensions that facilitate subsequent knowledge exchange and collaboration. By re-examining established proximity dimensions through a hermeneutic lens, this research presents alternate perspectives of institutional, cognitive, and organisational proximity. Contributions to knowledge are also made through the identification of three novel proximity dimensions: triadic proximity; adversarial proximity; and capacity proximity. The roles of each of these new proximities in craft brewery knowledge-sharing and collaboration are demonstrated in this research. The findings of this thesis may be used to inform New Zealand governmental policy, which has historically sought, and failed, to capitalise on proximity as a mechanism for enhancing national innovation performance. Findings may also be of value to industry practitioners, such as craft brewery managers seeking to learn from and collaborate with their industry counterparts.
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    Collaborating with competitors : value through coopetition in the New Zealand forest industry : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Supply Chain Management at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2016) Christians, Virginia Anne
    The purpose of this research is to investigate the scale of possibility for coopetition to be applied to the logistics activities in the export log supply chain in New Zealand. The research ascertains there are financial benefits of approximately $200million to the industry from cooperating in port logistics and shipping activities while continuing to compete in other sectors of the chain. The research tests to see if the existing theory on barriers and facilitators applies in this case study. Two research methods were used: 1. Qualitative interviews with exporters to probe for specific factors that support or hinder coopetition adaptation. 2. Quantitative research looking at financial implications, involving data collection from industry, building a simulation model, and simulating four degrees of coopetition adoption. The research identifies that small levels of cooperation between exporters can produce the most cost reduction benefits, with decreasing returns to scale through further collaboration attempts. As well as providing overall cost reductions the research indicates that there is a significant reduction in cost volatility by collaboration in shipping and logistics. While exporters used various terminology the themes that emerged, through semi-formal interviews, the barriers and enablers that were identified in this context relate closely to those models of other authors. The alignment of the physical world in time and space, the connection between strategic business models and relevant levels of autonomy and risk and the alignment of values, history and ability to communicate with relationship and their cost were all found to be significant factors that could both enable or disable cooperation between competitors in this case. Levels of trust and communication were found to be generally low in the log export industry the input of an independent third party may assist in supporting cooperation. The research concludes that there is potential for at least small and medium sized players in the industry to adopt some level of coopetition to reduce costs in the supply chain. However, the findings indicated that there are significant invisible costs associated with coopetition outside of the operational costs. The full cost of building and maintaining relationships required for it to persist still needs to be investigated further. These factors should be considered when analysing the savings as they may easily erode any gains made through coopetition.
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    The relationship between SPELD and schools in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Educational Psychology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2010) Devine, Jennifer Mary
    This research investigated the relationship between SPELD teachers and classroom teachers from the Wellington region. A key issue identified in a 2009/2010 evaluation of the SPELD New Zealand organisation was the lack of effective collaboration between SPELD teachers and individuals in the education sector. The present study sought to identify what supports SPELD and schools to work together, what factors restrict the relationship between SPELD and schools, and how can collaboration between SPELD and schools be enhanced. Using a case study methodology, this research investigated SPELD teachers’ views and experiences about their relationships with classroom teachers and the schools in which they operate and classroom teachers’ views and experiences about their relationships with SPELD teachers and the SPELD organisation in which they operate. The study found that while there were a number of positive factors contributing to an effective collaborative relationship between SPELD teachers and school teachers, there were a number of issues restricting the relationship. In particular, issues arose concerning tutoring within school hours and alignment with the work and schedules of existing specialist staff. Suggestions are offered about ways in which collaboration between SPELD and schools could be enhanced.
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    The aggressive-cooperative drivers of construction contracting
    (1/10/2009) Cheung SO; Yiu TW; Chiu OK
    Construction contracting parties can take either a cooperative or aggressive stance in pursuing their goals. This paper aims at identifying the stimuli (known as drivers) that motivate cooperative or aggressive moves in construction contracting behavior (CCB). In this regard, a three-stage research work has been designed for the completion of the research objective. Based on literature reviews, aggressive and cooperative drivers were identified in the first stage. A questionnaire was designed to collect construction case-specific data on these drivers. Next, taxonomies of aggressive and cooperative drivers were developed by the use of principal component factor analyses (PCFA). A total of three and seven taxonomies for aggressive and cooperative drivers were identified respectively. These taxonomies enable the understanding of aggressive-cooperative nature of CCB in a more amenable and logical manner. With these taxonomies, factor scales were calculated to represent the relative importance of the respective taxonomies. The degree of significance of each factor scales was then evaluated in the third stage. The results showed that the most important cooperative taxonomy is 'openness of contracting parties', while the most important aggressive taxonomy is 'goal oriented'. The findings also suggest that construction projects may not be inherently adversarial. Contract with equitable risk allocation and open discussion of problems would provide the platform for team building so that relationship among contracting parties can be maintained. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA.