Massey Documents by Type

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294

Browse

Filters

2015 - 201912020 - 20232

Settings

Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.Dietary patterns

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Associations between dietary patterns and an array of inflammation biomarkers and plasma lipid profile in postmenopausal women.
    (BioMed Central, 2023-05-12) Ilesanmi-Oyelere BL; Kruger MC
    OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, evaluation of the association between four dietary patterns, nutrients and food intakes and an array of systemic inflammation biomarkers and lipid profile among 80 New Zealand postmenopausal women were conducted. MATERIALS: Eighty postmenopausal women participated in the study. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect nutrients and food intake. Four dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and plasma samples collected for inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profile measures. RESULTS: There were negative correlations between intake of dietary fibre, soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), vitamin C and niacin and with almost all the inflammatory markers for the whole group. Vegetables, tea/coffee and especially fruit intake were negatively correlated with the inflammatory biomarkers in the whole group. A high intake of Pattern 1 (potato, bread, and fruit pattern) was associated with a low risk of high interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-λ, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels while a high intake of Pattern 3 (fast-food pattern) was associated high risk of IFN-α2 levels. Multiple linear regression showed a negative correlation between Pattern 2 (soups and vegetables pattern) and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as ferritin. A positive association was observed between Pattern 3 (fast-food pattern) and CRP levels. Positive correlation was also observed between Pattern 2 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, Pattern 4 (meat and vegetables pattern) was however negatively correlated with TC, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and TC/HDL ratio. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study reinforces the contribution and role of diet in modifying inflammation in postmenopausal women.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars intake guidelines
    (Cambridge University Press, 2020-06) Steele C; Eyles H; Te Morenga L; Ni Mhurchu C; Cleghorn C
    OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests that free sugars intake in many countries exceeds that recommended by the WHO. However, information regarding real-world dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars guidelines is lacking. The current study aimed to determine dietary patterns associated with meeting the guidelines to inform effective free sugars reduction interventions in New Zealand (NZ) and similar high-income countries. DESIGN: Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis on repeat 24-h NZ Adult Nutrition Survey dietary recall data. Associations between dietary patterns and the WHO guidelines (<5 and <10 % total energy intake) were determined using logistic regression analyses. SETTING: New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: NZ adults (n 4721) over 15 years old. RESULTS: Eight dietary patterns were identified: 'takeaway foods and alcohol' was associated with meeting both WHO guidelines; 'contemporary' was associated with meeting the <10 % guideline (males only); 'fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and dessert', 'traditional' and 'breakfast foods' were negatively associated with meeting both guidelines; 'sandwich' and 'snack foods' were negatively associated with the <5 % guideline; and 'saturated fats and sugar' was negatively associated with the <10 % guideline. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of NZ dietary patterns were not consistent with WHO free sugars guidelines. It is possible to meet the WHO guidelines while consuming a healthier ('contemporary') or energy-dense, nutrient-poor ('takeaway foods and alcohol') diet. However, the majority of energy-dense patterns were not associated with meeting the guidelines. Future nutrition interventions would benefit from focusing on establishing healthier overall diets and reducing consumption and free sugars content of key foods.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Exploring the dietary intake and eating patterns of New Zealand European women aged 16-45 years : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2015) Schrijvers, Jenna Kate
    Background/Aim: Analysing dietary intakes gives insight to an individual or groups nutritional status. Investigating dietary patterns provides an alternative measure to identify combinations of foods that are related to excess adiposity. The aim of this study is to investigate dietary intakes and eating patterns of New Zealand European (NZE) women with different body composition profiles, participating in the women’s EXPLORE (Examining the Predictors Linking Obesity Related Elements) study. Methods: Post-menarche, pre-menopausal NZE women (16-45 years) (n=231) completed a validated 220-item, self-administrated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) assessing dietary intake over the previous month. Quetelet’s body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2) from height and weight measurements; body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using air displacement plethysmography (BodPod). Participants were categorised into one of three body composition profile (BCP) groups: normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), normal BF% (≥22%, <30%) (HH); normal BMI, high BF% (≥30%)(NH); high BMI (≥25 kg/m2), high BF% (HH). Dietary intakes, macronutrient profiles and diet quality for the total NZE women and the BCP groups were analysed. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component factor analysis and broken into tertiles (T1, T2, T3). Associations between dietary patterns, age, BMI and BF% were investigated. Results: Many NZE women consumed insufficient vitamin D (55%), iron (82%), calcium (28.5%), folate (48%) and dietary fibre (28%) intakes. Mean±SD percentage of energy intake for carbohydrate (41.9±7%) was below and for saturated fat (13.9±3.5%) above the acceptable macronutrient distribution range for the total NZE women. The top 40 food items consumed by the NZE women included water, bread, tea, coffee, milk and yoghurt. Diet soft drinks were only present in the HH BCP group. Four dietary patterns were identified: P1: ‘Snacking’ pattern; P2: ‘Energy-dense meat’ pattern; P3: ‘Fruit and vegetable’ pattern; P4: ‘Healthy’ pattern, which explained 6.9, 6.8, 5.6 and 4.8% of variation in food intake, respectively. Younger (16-24 years) (P=0.035) and overweight (26.4±26.7kg/m2) (P=0.036) women were significantly associated with P2, loading highly in T3. No significant associations were found with BF%. Intakes of vitamin A, E, D, and zinc were comparable between normal BF% and high BF% BCP groups. Conclusion: NZE women consume inadequate iron, vitamin D, folate, calcium and dietary fibre intakes irrespective of body fatness. Dietary patterns of NZE women can be linked to specific body compositions, specifically, women with a high BMI high BF% were associated with a diet characteristic of meat, high fat sauces, puddings and fried foods. Regardless of BF%, NZE women follow a diet low in carbohydrate and high in saturated fat. Diet quality of vitamin A, D, E, iron, and zinc in women with a high BF% is comparable to that of women with normal BF%’s showing good diet quality. Targeted interventions can be developed based on these findings to increase nutrient intakes of NZE women and improve the health status of those with excess adiposity.