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    Understanding consumers' continuance intention to watch streams: A value-based continuance intention model
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-03-01) Jia X; Pang Y; Huang B; Hou F; Xie T
    INTRODUCTION: Live stream-watching has become increasingly popular worldwide. Consumers are found to watch streams in a continuous manner. Despite its popularity, there has been limited research investigating why consumers continue to watch streams. Previously, the expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) has been widely adopted to explain users' continuance intention. However, most current ECT-based models are theoretically incomplete, since they only consider the importance of perceived benefits without considering users' costs and sacrifices. In this paper, we propose a value-based continuance intention model (called V-ECM), and use it to investigate factors influencing consumers' continuance intention to watch streams. METHODS: Our hypotheses were tested using an online survey of 1,220 consumers with continuance stream-watching experiences. RESULTS: Results indicate that perceived value, a process of an overall assessment between users' perceived benefits and perceived sacrifices, is proved to be a better variable than perceived benefits in determining consumers' continuance watching intention. Also, compared with other ECT-based models, V-ECM is a more comprehensive model to explain and predict consumers' continuance intention. DISCUSSION: V-ECM theoretically extends ECT-based studies, and it has potential to explain and predict other continuance intentions in online or technology-related contexts. In addition, this paper also discusses practical implications for live streaming platforms with regards to their design, functions and marketing.
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    An evaluation of the cognitive outcomes of electroconvulsive therapy : a retrospective study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
    (Massey University, 2012) Luther, Kiri M
    The aim of the current study detailed in the following pages was to investigate the cognitive functioning from quantitative and qualitative perspectives of a group of 19 people who had received ECT two or more years previously. Reviews of the literature conducted prior to the study suggested the domains most commonly reported affected by ECT were verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, global cognitive functioning, subjective complaints, retrograde amnesia/memory, attention, retrieval, autobiographical memory, anterograde amnesia/memory and aspects of executive functioning. The most commonly used objective measures for these domains were the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, the Rey Complex Figure Test, the Mini Mental State Examination and the Autobiographical Memory Inventory. Qualitative assessment most often utilised subjective measures such as the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire or the Squire Subjective Memory Questionnaire. The current study planned to extend qualitative assessment using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Specific hypothesis were that 1) scores on the RCFT, RAVLT and AMI for patients who received their last ECT two or more years ago would be below the age-matched norms (cut-off ranges in the case of the AMI) for each test, 2) the MoCA would identify more participants with Global Cognitive deficits than the MMSE and 3) participants would report a higher degree of difficulty with their memory and cognition than what was identified by the objective assessment measures. Findings did not confirm hypothesis 1) with the exception of scores on the RCFT. Hypothesis 2) was confirmed, with the MoCA identifying more participants with deficits than the MMSE. Hypothesis 3) was confirmed, with participants reporting subjective complaints that were not identified by the objective measures. The study was limited by small sample size for quantitative analysis and further research utilising a larger sample which assesses at baseline, during and immediately after ECT and the development of a qualitative assessment measure is also recommended.