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Item Development of a real-time simulator for a three-effect falling film evaporator : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology at Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University(Massey University, 2003) Guo, Tong1.1 Background 1.1.1 A Falling-film evaporator Evaporation is an important process used in the chemical industry, which concentrates a solution containing dissolved or suspended solids by boiling off the solvent. A large proportion of the energy used in industry is given to this process. It is a very appropriate process to study due to its wide use and energy intensity [3]. In a modern evaporation system the evaporator acts as the main process unit in the evaporation process for drying a number of products. Good evaporator control is particularly important because of its widespread use, especially in the New Zealand dairy industry, and the direct effect of better control on energy efficiency and a more consistent product.Item Integrating real-time simulation models into a SCADA environment : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology at Massey University(Massey University, 1997) Rao, Rangaraju SrinivasControl system engineers have always envisaged the prospect of using the real-time models in an industrial setting. The inclusion of the real-time models can benefit industry in the following ways. 1. Operator Training - The operator can learn about how the various process react to control actions with the help of simulation models without affecting the real process itself. 2. Control Systems testing - The simulation models can be helpful in testing the control system software prior to trialing it on the real process. 3. Proccss Monitoring - Operators can compare the real process outputs with the simulation model outputs. This helps them in stopping the process when unusual conditions occur. 4. Testing for optimum operating conditions - Simulation models can be used to test for optimum operating conditions or for testing a certain operation at a new operating condition without affecting the real process. 5. Implementation of advanced control strategies - Advanced control strategics such as multivariable control, model predictive control and non linear control can be implemented as a real-time model without the development of separate real-time software. Even though using the real-time models can benefit the industry as mentioned modeling and real-time models have not found much favour in the industry. The reasons for this may be as follows: 1. Lack of awareness - Most of the plant managers/operators fail to understand what modeling results in and how it can improve the overall plant operation. 2. Lack of expertise - There is no expertise and/or tools in the company to develop the simulation models and implement it. 3. Cost of modeling - Producing a simulation model incurs significant costs. 4. Cost of implementation - Once the model is developed in the development environment it has to be transferred to the industrial platform. The cost of this transfer is high as the model software has to be more robust than the general purpose software. In order to produce real-time simulation models for an industrial setting there are two significant environments required. These are the development environment where the model is developed and secondly the implementation environment, where the model is used.