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    Universal change-individual responses : women's experience of the menopause and of taking hormone replacement therapy : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Nursing at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1998) Anderson, Maxine
    The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe and interpret the phenomenon of menopause as experienced by women taking hormone replacement therapy. The study set out to answer the question "What is the experience of taking hormone replacement therapy during the menopause?" The narratives of the ten women who participated in this study provided rich descriptions which revealed some of the ambiguity and silence that has concealed much of this experience. The conclusions of this study are that menopause as an universal event, in human females, is comprised of individual responses which are interpreted within the context of each woman's life. The inevitable-unexpectedness of the menopause, (knowing that it will come) does not prepare the women for the experience. Ways of coping with a changing body are directed by concerns which arise from each woman's societal, family and individual experiences. The findings of this study suggest that the decision to take or not to take HRT is not a definitive one, but the source of an ongoing dilemma. A dilemma caused by the women's desire to cope naturally and their need to regain some control over their bodies and their lives through taking HRT. Underlying the women's decisions is a weighing up of the possible outcomes of taking HRT - to prevent osteoporosis and heart disease, or to increase their chances of developing cancer. The impact of conflicting information from both medical professionals and the press added to the women's concern about their bodies. This manifested itself in the women becoming very watchful of their bodies and taking surreptitious breaks from HRT regimes. For all the freedom and self management promised by HRT, we need to alert ourselves to the possibility that in some way HRT dampens down something that wishes to express itself, but which as yet modern Western society does not accommodate. The central over-riding theme of this study is universal change-individual responses. This is supported by three essential themes: living-with-a-changing-body, being-on-hormone-replacement-therapy and relationships-past-and-present.
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    Knowledge of, and attitude to, hormone replacement therapy and menopause among mid-aged New Zealand women : thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1999) Breheny, Mary
    The use of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) by women at menopause is increasing in New Zealand, although there are controversies and confusion surrounding its prescription and efficacy. There has been very little research carried out in New Zealand regarding the variables that impact on HRT use by women, and the attitudes and knowledge of women regarding HRT use. To address this, a survey of 495 mid-aged women, randomly selected from the electoral roll was carried out. The survey measured demographic variables, knowledge of HRT, attitudes to HRT and menopause, and health variables.This study found that knowledge of HRT was high, however, many New Zealand women reported reasons for HRT use that are not empirically supported. This study also found that attitudes to HRT and menopause are important predictors of HRT use, possibly more important than health variables. The importance of attitudes in predicting HRT use needs further clarification to allow the promotion of appropriate information to inform mid-aged women's HRT decision making.