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    The social construction of housing tenure in Aotearoa New Zealand, 1900 to 1990 : crisis, place, and the path to a dual tenure regime : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography at Massey University, Manawatū, Aotearoa New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2023) Ryland, Daniel Brian
    Over the 20th Century and beyond there have been repeated urban housing crises which have negatively impacted the welfare of many households. Discussions and solutions for these crises have centred on binaries of homeownership and renting or State versus market within a pre-determined housing trajectory. However, the academic housing literature has argued for a more nuanced view of tenure to engage with housing effectively. This thesis aims to contribute to this project by exploring Aotearoa New Zealand’s pathway toward a dual tenure regime. I explore tenure as a relational concept created by the intersection of economic, legal, and cultural dimensions in place and across time. Exploring tenure beyond broad categorisations emphasises the need to imagine it differently. I used document analysis drawing on Parliamentary debates, political cartoons, archival documents, newspapers, statistics, and community organisation reports. They were analysed with a social constructivist approach inspired by a critical realism lens to explore the interdependence of tenure, place, and housing crisis. A core feature is that housing crises necessitating solutions drive tenure change. To explore Aotearoa New Zealand’s pathway to a dual tenure regime, I focused on the social construction of tenure during three housing crises. I argue that Aotearoa New Zealand’s dual tenure regime valorising freehold ownership with an individual title over other tenure options took shape over the 20th Century. Housing policy and economic decisions in the first quarter of the century to deal with housing crises embedded freehold ownership with an individual title as the most desirable tenure and end point of a housing trajectory. These would be reinforced through later housing crises as the social construction of tenure created opportunities and constraints for housing. By 1990, tenures were understood through their relation to freehold with an individual title and how they fit within a pre-defined housing trajectory, limiting the ability to experiment with other tenure forms. The thesis concludes that tenure needs to be imagined holistically as a multiply-determined, dynamic, and relational concept intertwined with crises, and that the latter can highlight opportunities to imagine other tenures.
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    Post-politics and the Housing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Resources and Environmental Planning at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2019) McLeay, Colin Ross
    This thesis draws on concepts of post-politics in an analysis of the Housing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013. A short-term means for improving housing affordability by facilitating an increase in land and housing supply, the Housing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013 had implications for the planning and development of select cities and districts in New Zealand. Introduced by a National-led Government, the Housing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013 was enacted in sympathy with existing neo-liberal political and planning norms. The application of a post-political lens facilitates identification of the democratic limitations of the Housing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013. Analysis of submissions to the select committee addressing the Housing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013 and debates in the House of Representatives provides evidence of both limitations of the debates that shaped the enactment of the legislation and challenges to the content of the legislation. The ways in which debates were narrowed align with post-political themes of the acceptance of the neoliberal consensus, the erosion of democracy, the status of knowledge, scope of possible outcomes, and empty signifiers. The consensus that characterises post-political conditions is open to challenge, with scholars reporting on the potential of agonistic pluralism to facilitate democratic participatory planning.
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    Squatting problems in Indonesia : a research study presented to the Institute of Development Studies, Massey University, Palmerston North - New Zealand in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Philosophy
    (Massey University, 1994) Buldansyah, Mochamad Badr
    Most of urban dwellers in developing countries have been squatting too long. This is a phenomenon also characteristic of Indonesia. Big cities like Jakarta and Surabaya attract rural people who migrate because of poverty pressure in rural areas. The national development programs in Indonesia have resulted in extraordinary economic growth. However, at the same time, these development policies have created some social imbalances which in turn have lead to and maintained the squatter settlement problem in the cities. This research finds that there are some policies that can be carried out in order to reduce these problems. Possible solutions are derived from both direct and indirect actions. Direct solutions should be associated with the squatters themselves, in which the policies are aimed to improve their condition, economically and socially. Finally, indirect solutions should be addressed to rural development and specifically, the control of unoccupied land. All in all, policies should be carried out both in urban areas where the problem of squatting exists and in the rural areas, being the main source of the problem.
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    Government policy and housing rehabilitation in Wellington : a structural analysis : a thesis ... for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1982) Crawley, Clare Susan
    Government intervention in the rehabilitation of housing stock in New Zealand, particularly through the introduction of the Community and Housing Improvement Programme, can be meaningfully analysed using a structuralist approach. Housing is marketed as a commodity in the capitalist system. It therefore reflects those relationships which are inherent in the operation of that system. Housing has special attributes as a commodity and has different use values for different interest groups. The ability of some groups to achieve the use values they wish to derive from housing is a reflection of their social, political and economic power and the relative investment and accumulation opportunities that use provides for capital, and not simply a matter of consumer preference. Housing rehabilitation policy is therefore able to provide assistance to certain groups involved with housing, but cannot provide solutions to all interest groups as the uses to which these groups wish to put housing are seldom harmonious. Government policy, as it has been put into practice in the three Wellington Neighbourhood Improvement Areas reinforces the existing inequalities in housing allocation. Government intervention in the housing market and the process of rehabilitation is an attempt to alleviate the most obvious hardships created by the operations of the capitalist system but it does not alter the basic structures from which these inequities arise. Housing policies designed to alleviate the problem of deterioration of older housing stock cannot provide solutions to other housing problems, including those faced by the lower socio-economic groups. As long as housing is treated as a commodity it will provide opportunities for capital gain to diverse interest groups.
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    Healthful housing : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1999) Lynch, Kathleen
    This study researched the housing needs of incipiently homeless low-income households in Auckland. In particular it examined how the compromises and sacrifices low-income households must make to procure housing jeopardises their ability to promote and maintain health. Health within this study was defined holisticly including physical, mental, spiritual and family aspects as well as the dimension of ontological security. The participants were comprised of three groups: housing workers, community health workers, and most importantly the households in housing need. All participants were or had been connected with Monte Cecilia Emergency House. The role of the state, past and present, in assisting low-income households to obtain accommodation was examined. Particular consideration was given to changes which have occurred in the lost-cost rental sector through the move to market-level rents for state housing, and the introduction of a targeted, abatable accommodation allowance. The participants' stories demonstrated an increasing and serious level of unaffordability of rental housing. This had brought about both immediate and long-term detriments to health due to living in over-crowded accommodation and / or a residual post-rent income insufficient to maintain an adequate standard of living. Tangata Whenua and Tagata Pasifika were disproportionately affected by unaffordable housing. The need for a return to income-related state housing was high-lighted. Recommendation was also made regarding the urgent need of a comprehensive survey of housing need, both urban and rural.
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    Shifting ground: the position of women parenting alone in Auckland and their access to housing in a restructured environment : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Massey University Albany, Auckland, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 1998) Milne, Sharon; Milne, Sharon
    This thesis describes and analyses the housing issues identified and experienced by a group of women parenting alone. It is a qualitative study consisting of a series of interviews carried out over 18 months in order to construct the housing journeys of the women and analyse each woman's experience of housing. The main issues addressed by the thesis are an exploration of the meaning of home, the opportunities and barriers to accessing housing and the failure of housing policies, and the processes involved in developing and implementing those policies, to meet the needs of this group of women. The key research question has two parts. Firstly, it asks how the restructuring of housing after 1990 has impacted on women parenting alone and subsequently explores the housing market from their perspective. Secondly it reflects on policy processes and how they meet the needs of women as single parents. It is argued that the market approach to housing, with its highly targeted assistance, has done little to improve equity in housing for these women. This direction has in fact increased the gap, trapping a growing number of women in the rental market. The contrast between home ownership and renting, including Housing New Zealand rentals, is emphasised. A significant level of hidden homelessness is identified and the research indicates that the higher level of mobility experienced by women in rental homes is a result of those women's efforts to avoid homelessness. Women's lower levels of income, fewer numbers owning their own home in a housing arena dominated by ownership, limited access to housing finance and their exclusion from the development of policies which directly affect them, is seriously undermining the extent to which the housing issues they identify can be resolved. This thesis supports the notion that the basis on which current housing policy is developed, as well as the policy process, is significantly hindering access to adequate housing for women parenting alone. A model of housing policy development and implementation drawing on a feminist postmodernist perspective and feminist community development processes is proposed which accounts for issues of power and diversity and includes the marginalised experiences of those usually excluded from the policy process. The thesis argues for housing policy which expands the choices and opportunities for women and which also enables them to participate more fully as citizens in economic, social and political life so they are better able to determine the direction of their lives and to access the housing of their choice. These processes and theoretical understandings are critical to both the long term well-being and productivity of these women and to addressing the gaps between government's perspective, the uncertain housing policy environment and women's experience of accessing housing.