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Item Reweaving the Spaces of Inter-Cultural Dialogue in Post-Treaty New Zealand/Aotearoa(Taylor and Francis Group on behalf of the World Communication Association, 2025-06-01) Chrystall ABThis study explores cross-cultural dialogue between Māori and settler colonials through the lens of Emily Karaka’s paintings. Karaka’s paintings are used to probe and reveal the colonial roots of spatial organization at the site where they are displayed. Building on parallels between the life of Karaka’s paintings and Treaty of Waitangi documents, this study finds that post-Treaty dialogue between Māori and settler colonials takes place in spaces built on and informed by the spatial biases of settler colonialism. The study concludes that recognizing these biases is crucial for meaningful dialogue and suggests that the Treaty of Waitangi invites a spatial response.Item Mauri Hono: A Mauri sensory methodology(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2024-08-02) Apiti A; Kora A; Tassell-Matamua N; Moriarty TR; Matamua N; Lindsay N; Dell K; Pomare P; de la Torre Parra L; Baikalova NWithin a Māori cultural context, the manifestation of mauri instilled in all living things, both animate and inanimate gives life. Previous research suggests Māori can experience somatic exchanges of energy such as mauri from both other people, as well as within the natural environment. Accordingly, Mauri Hono: A Mauri Sensory Methodology provides a foundation to understanding knowledge by tuning into our senses and using mauri states to help elicit meaning about ourselves and our relationships with natural environments when immersed in those environments. In this study, four key phases of the methodology are detailed; Rongo, Mōhio, Mārama and Mātau and applied to a case study which sought to understand how Māori draw meaning from their experience of being immersed in a natural environment. Ten participants undertook a hīkoi (walk) within a national forest park of regenerating, native, bush. Findings revealed the importance of tuning into one’s senses and having the time and space to interpret different experiences. Furthermore, Mauri Hono, as a Māori methodology is predicated on the belief that experiential knowledge aids in providing a more complete understanding of phenomena than theoretical knowledge alone. It further highlights that whilst knowledge can come into fruition within the timeframe of the project, there is opportunity for insights to arise afterwards, comprising various layers of knowing.Item The planning framework for Maori land : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Resource and Environmental Planning at Massey University(Massey University, 2000) Stephenson, Janet RhonaThe thesis examines the relationship between Maori land and the resource management planning framework within New Zealand, within an analytical framework of the Treaty of Waitangi and contemporary indigenous collaborative management regimes. Maori land is a unique class of land in New Zealand, representing the remains of tribal lands still in Maori ownership. Maori traditional forms of resource management were integrally linked with tenure and the allocation of use-rights, but legislation and practices introduced following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi transformed the tenure system and gave no recognition to Maori resource management practices. Maori land and Maori needs were virtually ignored by planning legislation while the Maori Land Court carried out a central role in planning decisions relating to Maori land. From 1977, planning law gave some recognition of Maori values, which over time influenced the development of district scheme provisions relating to the use of Maori land. The 1991 Resource Management Act gave Maori issues greater prominence, but when translated into district plan provisions failed to give Maori any significant role in resource management on their own land. Contemporary Maori concerns about the planning framework include its lack of recognition of Maori as a legitimate resource authority, the lack of incorporation of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, and the failure to give any real effect to the concept of rangatiratanga. The Waitangi Tribunal has also identified shortcomings of the current planning framework in terms of the principles of the Treaty. These findings, together with current trends such as the development of iwi/hapu management plans; the growth of parallel services for Maori in education and health; and the increasing international recognition of indigenous land and resource management rights, challenge the current planning regime as it relates to Maori land. Contemporary planning needs to recognise its basis in a dual heritage by reshaping its institutions and laws so as to accommodate the co-existence of an indigenous planning system. It is suggested that this be by way of collaborative management agreements whereby resource management planning responsibilities for Maori land are largely devolved to iwi within a framework delineating national requirements for sustainable management.Item Whanaketanga/Evolution : exhibition report for Masters of Māori Visual Arts at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2017) Morgan, Tracey"Whanaketanga | Evolution, focused on technical construction and application using various materials. As art evolves, we find new ways to express concept, thought and imagination. This Exhibition Report is aimed at maintaining customary concepts and techniques using new materials, not customarily associated with Māori weaving such as cane, chain, screen mesh, perspex and plastic. Whilst the customary use of Māori woven taonga serves a utilitarian purpose, the challenge was to show new ways of thinking aimed at creating new forms of art not necessarily seen before. This biography of a decade of practice as a weaver begins with works completed over the past two years, submitted and exhibited as part of the Master of Māori Visual Arts journey. The exhibition is supplemented by previous works to demonstrate a personal evolution into new works employing non-customary materials."--ForewordItem Whāriki : beyond simple : an exhibition report presented as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Māori Visual Arts, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2016) Henare, Te Hemo AtaThis thesis/exhibition report is an explication of the significance and relationship of Kai rāranga, rāranga whāriki and their relationship with whānau, hapū and iwi. It explores the impetus behind and relationships important in, and to the production of whāriki. Through the exploration of these relationships the necessity for whāriki wānanga throughout Aotearoa and having wānanga as the preferred medium of imparting knowledge pertaining to rāranga whāriki and for continuity in the production of whāriki is emphasised. It touches on the Māori convention of tono that facilitates interaction between the Kai rārangaresearcher and the Kai tono-researched negating the sometimes invasive convention of ethics approval and formalised contractual obligations. It follows the pathway of author and Kai rāranga, Te Hemo Ata Henare’s, coming to be of her mahi whāriki practice. It is an intimate account that extends from function and technique to foundational connectivity to the wider roopu whāriki and those who have preceded us with templates of excellence that recognise the importance of the whakapapa of Māori whakaaro, our epochs and eons of transcendent time and the interconnectedness of all things in and through these patterned processes (Jackson, 2013; Marsden, 2003; Tamanui, 2013). As Karani Sonny Pāpuni said; “…you take this whāriki home with you and then a piece of us will always be with your whānau” (Mate ki Tātahi [Sonny] Pāpuni, personal communication, May 17 1991). A clear objective emerging out of this research exercise was to produce a body of work in the form of an exhibition of whāriki and to produce a pictorial and written explication of the process and praxis of whāriki wānanga. However, through the research process, I was returned; i hoki atu ki te timatatanga ō oku mahi, so I could come to know and be. The theme that emerges through rāranga whāriki is the inseparability and the multiplicity of whakapapa and/or whanaungatanga that the Kai rāranga embodies essential for the continuation of the praxis of rāranga whāriki that can only be described as extraordinarily ‘Beyond Simple’.Item Evaluating a nutrition education component of the Ka Mau Te WEHI program : a thesis presented in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2017) Gibson, GreerBackground: New Zealand has high rates (32%) of obesity amongst the adult population; Māori (50.2%) and Pacific (68.7%) populations are most affected. Lifestyle interventions are effective in achieving weight loss, but are often expensive, whilst group and online lifestyle interventions are more cost effective. Objectives: To develop and assess a component of the nutrition education content for the Internet team-based, incentivised behaviour change Ka Mau Te WEHI weight loss intervention for Māori and Pacific adults BMI ≥30 kg/m2 at risk of or with T2DM and/or cardiovascular disease. Methods: Three Internet team-based competitions were conducted in New Zealand’s North Island, with seven teams of up to seven participants (n=146) per region. The nutrition education was developed to address key eating behaviours associated with increased risk of weight gain and improve nutrition literacy. The education delivered through daily tips on the website and weekly challenges. Eating behaviours and nutrition literacy were assessed at baseline and six-months. Results: Although 143 participants started the program; only 41.1% (n=60) completed it. Key eating behaviours changed; 18.3% decrease in drinking one or more sugar sweetened beverages/day, mean days eating fast food decreased by -1.7±2 days (p<0.001); mean days eating fruit +1±1.8 (p<0.001) and vegetables +0.8±2 (p=0.006) increased significantly. Weight loss was not significant between baseline and six months [-4.5±17.3kg (p=0.115)]. Conclusion: Although this program was attractive to the target population, a high dropout rate was evident and clinically significant weight loss was not achieved. Despite this, the innovative approach used for nutrition education led to significant dietary behaviour changes. Further research to improve retention and build on eating behaviour changes achieved in this at-risk population is warranted. Key words: Māori, Pacific Islanders, weight loss, lifestyle intervention, obese.Item Tukia : mā te hē ka tika : Māori social workers' experiences of the collision of their personal, professional and cultural worlds : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work at Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa (Massey University, Manawatū), Aotearoa (New Zealand)(Massey University, 2017) Watson, Andrea MakereReamer (2013a) states that the most difficult ethical dilemmas happen for social workers when their personal and professional worlds conflict. Māori social workers (kaimahi) often live and work in the same area as their whānau, hapū and iwi and there is a high chance that members of their whānau will come through the organisation that they work for. This is when kaimahi will experience a collision (tukia) of their personal, professional and cultural worlds. It is the domain where the three different systems have to interact – a professional system, a whānau system, and a cultural system. This research study interviewed seven kaimahi who had experienced tukia and explored their encounter of tukia. Kaupapa Māori underpins this research, and pūrakau has been utilised to connect the research to Māori worldviews, however the research framework is guided by the Pā Harakeke. Pā Harakeke is often used as a metaphor for whānau and a model for protection of children, whānau structure and well-being. The harakeke sits well in this research as the focus is on the well-being of kaimahi Māori – caring for the carers, helping the helpers and healing the healers. Hence the kaimahi represents the rito (baby centre shoot) of the harakeke, needing nurture, help and support. A key finding from this study reveals that collision is a complex area that requires careful navigation by the kaimahi experiencing the collision, as well as the organisation that the kaimahi works for. It is imperative that social workers and managers discuss and plan for collision as opposed to waiting until it happens, and organisations should have policies and protocols in place for working with whānau. This research has also developed a definition and construction of what collision is in the social services and kaimahi have imparted words of wisdom (Ngā Kupu Taonga) so that others experiencing collision may find a way forward. These include: Take care of the ‘self’, get good support from whānau and mahi, talk about the hard stuff, get good supervision, come back to reality and smell the manuka (be grounded), and the collision can ultimately be a growth experience that will have a positive impact on kaimahi practice.Item How do people with multiple long-term health conditions experience the self-management approach to health care? : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2017) Francis, Helen CatherineThe health system in New Zealand has devised approaches intended to meet the needs of people with long-term conditions (LTCs) based on the international theories of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) and a self-management framework (Bodenheimer, Wagner, & Grumbach, 2002b; Lorig, 1993; Wagner, 1998). LTCs and multimorbidity are socially patterned so often people with several LTCs are also contending with chaotic lives as well as the implications of their Illnesses. The self-management framework is based on the assumption that everyone has the agency or freewill to make the daily decisions that would benefit their health and ignores the powerful effect of social context. Because the behaviours recommended to optimise health are so entwined with a person’s social context, LTCs are particularly sensitive to the social determinants of health. This multiple case study follows the complex lives of sixteen people with several significant long-term health conditions using the theories of both Cockerham (2005, 2010, 2013b) and Link and Phelan (1995, 2010) to explore their experiences. Ongoing contact with the patient-participants comprised two interviews, four-weekly contacts and interviews with their primary health care clinicians. The patient-participants’ stories reveal complex, entangled lives marked by loss, poverty and daily challenges. They are significantly constrained by the overwhelming social contexts of their lives and reduced to survival mode by their cumulative losses across the four domains of the Whare Tapa Wha model. Personal agency is neither a choice nor readily achieved. They are left too exhausted to work their way through a health system that does not recognise their needs, empower them or compensate for their lack of energy. The weary patient-participants in this study bear little resemblance to the idealised expert patient of the self-management framework. Clinicians are left manoeuvring to compassionately and pragmatically support the patient-participants as best they can within an unhelpful system. The findings however do surface examples of care that are valued by both patient-and clinician-participants that sit outside the self-management approach. These valued aspects are explored alongside the harm reduction, recovery and palliative models of care. These all offer contributions towards an approach that would optimise the quality of life for people with significant, multiple LTCs. An exploration of this re-awakened approach to care is described. Care that is constricted self-management approach could wrap around the patient and support them to use their residual agency in a direction of their choosing. Clinicians would be released from their current programmed response be able to more fully utilise their clinical expertise. Clinicians and patients would have the freedom to be more pragmatic around quality of life and the issues that matter to the individual with LTCs.Item Planning to develop land returned under Treaty settlement in Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand : an institutional ethnography : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health at Massey University, SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, Aotearoa New Zealand(Massey University, 2017) Livesey, Brigid Te Ao McCallumThis research investigates planning to develop land returned as settlement for breaches of Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi). Using institutional ethnography methodology, I explore a case study of the relationship between an iwi authority, Te Whakakitenga o Waikato, and a local authority, Hamilton City Council. In 1995, significant areas of land were returned to Waikato-Tainui through Treaty settlement. This research focuses on processes to develop planning regulation for land owned by Waikato-Tainui at Te Rapa, site of ‘The Base’ retail development and Te Awa shopping mall, and Ruakura where an inland port and associated activities are proposed. Iwi planning documents describe a vision to develop land returned under Treaty settlement. Commercial property development to regain ‘economic sovereignty’ is a critical element in the ‘integrated development agenda’ for Waikato-Tainui. However, critical discourse analysis and intertextual analysis illustrate that this vision is not well-reflected in local government planning documents. Relations between Hamilton City Council and Waikato-Tainui have changed from generally adversarial in 2009 during planning processes to restrict development at Te Rapa through Variation 21, to more collaborative during planning processes to approve the Ruakura Plan Change in 2014. Complementing data from interviewing practitioners with analysis of texts created through these planning processes, I consider control, timing, and trust as key factors in this changing relationship. This research provides evidence for dual planning traditions in Aotearoa New Zealand. Communal ownership of land and inalienability are characteristics of land returned under Treaty settlement which have influenced development decisions made by Waikato-Tainui. Planners and the planning profession can ‘transform’ planning practices to create new relationships between local government and iwi authorities. Interviews suggest that crosscultural planning can be a challenging and emotional experience. Iwi planning documents articulate a vision for future relationships based on mana whakahaere (affirming Māori authority) and mātauranga Māori (valuing Māori knowledge). In response, I highlight the need for changes to the New Zealand Planning Institute Code of Ethics to support planners working to decolonise planning. I conclude by ‘mapping’ the institution of planning for Treaty settlement land, and identifying levers which planners can use to support Māori goals for land development and economic self-determination.Item Towards collaborative pathways of leadership in education for Māori : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education, at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand(Massey University, 2015) Bowkett, Makao TeresaThis thesis investigates Kaupapa Maori approaches to leadership that could assist secondary school principals and teachers to foster an environment to facilitate more appropriately, in Maori terms, the learning and teaching of Maori students who are attending mainstream secondary schools and kaupapa Maori schools in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The study included two types of secondary schools: one mainstream secondary school; and one kaupapa Maori school. In each school, interviews were undertaken with the two principals, groups of teachers and groups of parents. The aim was firstly to identify leadership approaches in the two schools that staff and parents there saw as successfully encouraging teaching and learning practices that are meeting the needs of Maori students. In addition two significant Maori leaders in Maori education were interviewed for their insights about the current state of Maori education and the potential future of Maori education. By capturing the perspectives of all the participants through a series of face to face interviews/kanohi ki te kanohi conversations the research investigated a framework for Kaupapa Maori approaches to leadership that is adaptable for mainstream and kaupapa Maori schools. The thesis concludes that there were multiple approaches to kaupapa Maori in terms of unique experiences and understanding, rather than one exclusive form of a Kaupapa Maori approach. The diversity of many Maori worldviews across iwi explained why there was no singular, universal concept found. Respondents identified tikanga Maori values and practices that were iwi specific, inclusive of cultural identity and whanaungatanga family relationships, as significant in kaupapa Maori approaches to leadership, but had reservations about the capabilities of schools’ leadership to adapt. Hence they highlighted the importance of collaborative pathways of leadership that encompass change in order to make a difference for Maori students. An implication of the findings is that principals need to be held accountable for the results of Maori students in their schools. Furthermore, secondary schools need to change the leadership, structure and pedagogy of schooling for the majority of Maori students attending mainstream schools, and for some in kaupapa Maori schools. Strategies for how to implement change implicated in the findings are explored.