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    The environmental impacts of stormwater in relation to carparking areas : an assessment of the impacts of stormwater on carparking areas and the structural and legal controls : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Resource and Environmental Planning at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2003) Low, Adrian Roland Timothy
    The aim of this thesis is to define and expand on what the environmental impacts of stormwater in relation to parking areas are. Also to describe how these impacts are controlled structurally and legally and who is able to compensate for their impacts. The results of the case studies in this thesis supported the findings of the literature reviewed. There is a better way to design and manage the construction of carparking areas (either impervious or semi-pervious surfaces) in the future urban development environment. The (long-term ideal) goal is to reduce the environmental impacts from the construction of impervious areas. These adverse impacts are: • contaminants entering waterways, where they adversely impact aquatic life, and • flooding from increased runoff rates that causes scouring of stream beds and impact residential and commercial property These case studies have shown that current practice can and should be modified to have a lower impact on the environment. There is also the possibility of retrofitting existing carparks to mitigate the present effects. The findings, in seeking to mitigate the adverse effects of carparks on the environment can be broken down into five key areas: • Any constructed surface or development, whether it be for carparking purposes or roofing should, wherever practicable, have built into its design a treatment and detention facility to mitigate the effects of stormwater on the environment. • The impacts of any particular project should be looked at in terms of their cumulative long-term impacts. iii • Rates relief should be an option for those prepared to upgrade their site to mitigate effects on catchments. • District plans should provide performance standards with incentives to reduce off-site impacts of stormwater. • Local authorities should target catchment assessment and design to protect the environment and meet the regional bodies requirements .
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    Highly skilled South African immigrants in New Zealand : a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2006) Porter, Siobhan Alison
    This exploratory research represents a first step into investigating the acculturation strategies employed by highly skilled South African immigrants to New Zealand. It answers the call for information to be added to the body of knowledge, in this emergent research area for New Zealand, on this specific immigrant group. The report examines the match between the South African and New Zealand acculturation strategies in the workplace, and highlights the relationships expected as a result. It also identifies factors helping and hindering the acculturation of South African immigrants. Limiting factors such as time constrained the report; however, results add new information to the body of knowledge in the fields of immigration to New Zealand, emigration from South Africa, and acculturation in New Zealand. The research used convenience and snowball techniques to identify participants, and structured interviews with open ended questions were used to elicit their migration experiences. Data analysis was qualitative, and consisted of identification of themes that could be used to classify participant groups. The research concluded that highly skilled South African immigrants to New Zealand pursue either an integrative or assimilative acculturation strategy. Those pursuing an integrative strategy are likely to have consensual relationships with New Zealanders in the workplace, given the New Zealand expectation that immigrants should integrate into the host culture. However, those pursuing an assimilation strategy may experience more problematic relationships in the New Zealand workplace. The main factors helping the integration group to acculturate were developing shared understanding and acceptance between different cultural groups. The factors helping the assimilation group were their ability to be flexible and adapt to change. The main factor hindering the acculturation of the integration group was that their expectations of New Zealand workplaces were not met. For the assimilation group the main hindering factor was suffering from acculturative stress. A major implication of the research for New Zealand workplaces is developing a better understanding of highly skilled South African employees, which in particular will affect selection and retention practices for this group. By developing shared understanding, a better fit between the person and their environment can be achieved. This can help ensure the skills of this immigrant group are utilised in New Zealand's growing knowledge economy.
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    Māori curatorship at Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki 1998-2001 : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Museum Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2006) White, Anna-Marie
    This thesis documents the experience of Ngāhiraka Mason, the first appointee to the Māori curatorial position at the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki. It examines the development of her curatorial practice with specific focus on contemporary Māori art. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the conditions and relationships which influence Ngāhiraka's practice as a Māori curator. The thesis identifies the Māori curatorial position as an important development in the Gallery's relationship with Māori. In order to understand its significance, a history of Māori representation at the Gallery is constructed. Based on acquisition, exhibition and archival data, recurring patterns of racial prejudice and discrimination against Māori are revealed. The thesis then investigates the events which gave rise to the position in order to understand the Gallery's motives and present the complex environment in which the Māori curator practises. Ngāhiraka's personal narrative is at the heart of the thesis, a narrative that chronicles the cultural and educational experiences that brought her to the Gallery. Ngāhiraka then describes the conditions and expectations she encountered and the conflict between Curator and Kaitiaki as models of practice. The development of her first Māori art exhibition Pūrangiaho: Seeing Clearly (2001) is analysed to provide evidence of her agency within the site. The exhibition is then deconstructed as an expression of Māori identity and its impact is evaluated from several perspectives. The thesis contends that the Gallery exerts a level of influence that compromises Ngāhiraka's ability to effectively represent Māori. It is argued that the art museum is threatened by the practice of Māori values. The Māori curator then, carries a different kaupapa (framework) which inevitably challenges the balance of power at the Gallery. There is however, a level of intransigence in the art museum that cannot be affected by the incursions of a single Māori employee. The thesis concludes that Ngāhiraka's practice primarily advantages the Gallery and is of limited benefit to Māori. Despite this, Ngāhiraka takes what opportunity is afforded to her and issues a wero (challenge) to contemporary Māori artists. She postulates a new criterion upon which they should be judged which involves making a positive contribution to the viability of Māori at a social level. In doing so, Ngāhiraka engages her practice with Māori-self-determination and becomes an activist against institutional racism.
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    Student representation on boards of trustees in Auckland secondary schools : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Educational Administration, Massey University, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 1993) Kelly, Oriel
    The topic of this thesis is the contribution and effectiveness of the student representatives on a small group of secondary school Boards of Trustees in a New Zealand city. The placing of a student on the governing body of New Zealand secondary schools was made law on October 1st 1989. This study, undertaken in 1991, the third year of participation, endeavoured to evaluate the working contribution of these representatives. Effectiveness was measured in relation to the expectations of the representatives themselves, their colleagues, and in the eyes of those they represent. The literature review established that participation by students in school decision-making is necessary and commendable but difficult to achieve successfully. The New Zealand structure is unique; yet it is of a similar non-proportional, consultative nature to that in other countries and it was suspected that this model would suffer from the same difficulties as those overseas. These difficulties might include role definition, difficulties in communication and consultation, inadequacy of training for their role and objections to the presence of students on the boards. A variety of methods was employed. The primary method used questionnaires administered to 16 newly appointed student representatives at schools in the Auckland area as a wide focus. Questions covered the areas of expectations, role, training, communication channels and limitations on student representatives' contribution to their boards. The narrow focus observed the student representatives in the public aspect of their role at four large Auckland schools. Opinions of the students' effectiveness and contribution were also sought from their fellow board members and the student body being represented at each school. This was done by questionnaire and attitude scale respectively. The two pronged investigation of wide and narrow focus sampling in the overall design provided the triangulation necessary to confirm the findings. Major Findings The study established that the role of the student representative is unclear to both themselves and those they represent. The role is also limited (illegally) by their fellow board members who place restrictions, "common sense" though they may be, on the contributions of the students, and often without the students themselves realising that their role has been restricted in this way. The student role tends to be more one of observer than participant. As suspected, effective representation by consultation is difficult to achieve. There was a strong feeling that the students should have a voice on the board but communication channels were difficult to establish and maintain and the student voice was seldom heard at board meetings. Few student representatives reported receiving any training for their role. This must, in turn, reduce the effectiveness of the student voice. Opposition to the presence of students on the boards was not obvious but methods were employed to restrict the participation of the students in sensitive areas - such as staff or student discipline - despite such restrictions being illegal and in contravention of democratic and participatory rights. The inclusion of a student representative on secondary school Boards of Trustee has proved popular with the student body. However the lack of training, and the covert opposition to such students severely limits their effectiveness. It is to be hoped that the recent law change, making their inclusion optional, will not see the complete demise of their contribution.
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    Challenges for educators in meeting the needs of students bridging into tertiary education : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in Adult Education at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2003) Morgan, Cecile Jane
    Tertiary pre-entry programmes are designed to assist students in attaining an academic qualification that will allow entry into undergraduate study programmes. This study explores the challenges that educators encounter in meeting the needs of students bridging into tertiary education. It includes a review of programme purposes from historical, political and social viewpoints. It also describes the traditional and current profile of students accessing such programmes. The educator role within tertiary pre-entry programmes is outlined, interlinked with teaching and learning theory. Integral to the study is an exploration of the philosophical assumptions underpinning current teaching practice in relation to students, programmes and the future direction of tertiary pre-entry education. However, it is difficult to isolate an educator perspective from institutional and political perspectives. Hence this study addresses all these. The various perspectives all closely connect to create the learning environment that comprises current tertiary pre-entry programmes. The study identifies a number of tension areas between philosophical assumptions and practice that educators need to consider in meeting current student needs in their learning endeavours. These areas are: • The learning environment that students encounter • The people who interact in these environments • Future directions of tertiary pre-entry programmes. The study makes recommendations, from an educator's perspective, on what is required to lessen the tension and successfully meet the needs of the diverse student populace accessing tertiary pre-entry programmes.
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    Civilised men -- members of the craft : Freemasonry in Auckland to the formation of the Grand Lodge of New Zealand in 1890 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2005) Gardiner, Carol Elizabeth
    The public's fascination with freemasonry seems endless. Freemasons are variously believed to be members of a mysterious brotherhood of enormous influence, a secret society believed to have its roots in the order of the Knights Templar or the Egyptian pyramids and a sect involved in sacrilegious rites. Most will know of the periodic attacks upon freemasonry - claims that it is a secret society of men who conspire to help each other against the rest of the world, that they recognise each other by secret signs and then extend favours, even though this may be in conflict with their public duties - and the response of freemasons that their overriding duty is to obey the law. Their meetings, at which the rich symbolism of freemasonry is displayed in the course of the ceremonies, which are inspiring rituals to their members, may seem to be silly nonsense and play-acting to laymen. Freemasonry was one of the earliest social institutions to appear in Auckland and its members were active and influential. Whenever freemasons are mentioned in Auckland today, almost everyone claims to have had a predecessor who was a freemason. Many people recall seeing a father, grandfather or uncle going to lodge meetings carrying a thin case and wearing a dark suit and wondering what happened when the door of the lodge building closed behind them. On 7th October 1769 Sir Joseph Banks, who paid for his passage on Captain Cook's first voyage, was the first freemason to sight New Zealand. It was inevitable that those who chose to seek a new life in the colony would include a number of masonic brethren who saw themselves as enlightened, peace-loving and the practitioners of social equity, whose purpose was to exert the influence of freemasonry in this new colony which had been claimed for civilisation. As one of the first organised social institutions in the new colony, freemasonry had the benefit of being an already established fraternity with a tried and tested constitution. While the instigators of the first masonic lodges in New Zealand were men of means and influence (early members included lawyers, engineers, architects, civil servants and merchants) they struggled in the first fifteen years to attract members to their fraternity as men used their energy to build homes and businesses. From about 1850, freemasonry enjoyed a period of rapid expansion, and they attracted a new type of membership. Occupations were then recorded as shopkeeper, school teacher, shipping clerk, butcher, carrier and gardener. In the 1870s occupational changes of political or economic origin saw less of the workforce involved in defence and a rising proportion concerned with commerce, transport, trades and services. Local activities began to provide private rather than public services in the processing and distribution of food and clothing and businesses were started by people with very little capital. 1 R.C. J. Stone, Makers of Fortune: A Colonial Business Community And its Fall, Auckland: Auckland University Press, Oxford University Press, 1973, p.32
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    Involvement of members of the Auckland Diocese of the Anglican Church in the peace movement since 1945 : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1999) Stead, Kenneth George
    The subject of this thesis is the involvement of members of the Auckland Diocese of the Anglican Church in the peace movement since 1945. An introductory chapter on the development of Christian attitudes towards peace and war concludes that although the Augustinian just war model became the standard Anglican tool for justifying Christian participation in warfare, the limitations on violence explicit in that model also gave a theological justification for opposing modern warfare. The second and third chapters document the activities of the Auckland sub-branch of the Anglican Pacifist Fellowship This organisation, despite its small size, was active in promoting an absolute pacifist view of Christianity. It is suggested that much of its failure was a result of it being over ambitious, expecting people to make a major leap when a series of smaller steps may have been more appropriate. The fourth chapter, on the Vietnam War, contrasts two public marches in Queen Street symbolic of the unwillingness of most Anglicans at this time to consider foreign policy issues independently of considerations of patriotism, but also suggests that disillusionment with Vietnam provided a foundation for anti-nuclear protests. Chapter five is based mainly on the recollections of George Armstrong concerning the peace squadron, but also documents how one inner city parish responded to the challenges of the 1970s and 1980s. The final chapter concludes that Auckland Anglicans were more likely to respond to peace issues in response to some personal feeling of threat than because of a commitment to Biblical principles and that in most instances their theology is used to justify their actions rather than as a reason for those actions.
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    Information technology in pre-service teacher education within a New Zealand College of Education : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2000) Hunt, Anthony Neil
    This thesis examines the use of Information Technology (IT) by lecturers and pre-service student teachers at the Auckland College of Education to provide a basis for future development of policy and programmes. The concept of IT is examined and the term defined in terms of a broad range of artefacts, knowledge and skills which includes the use of computers, but also other technologies for handling and storing information. Information skills are also identified as being an important component of IT. The development of IT use in pre-service teacher education is examined in New Zealand, and for comparison in the United Kingdom, the U.S.A. and Australia. The survey demonstrates that the place of IT in pre-service teacher education was originally ignored by education authorities in those countries in favour of in-service teacher education, but in recent years has has become the subject of official concern and, overseas, action. The establishment of goals and standards for pre-service IT teacher education is one reflection of this concern in a number of countries. The literature indicates a number of issues that need to be addressed if pre-service teacher education institutions are to successfully prepare teachers to work in IT- enhanced schools. These include the development of teacher education programmes which integrate IT and emphasise its pedagogical use, the. provision of adequate IT teaching experience for student teachers, the provision of resources and staff development for teacher educators. A survey of lecturers, first and final year primary student teachers, and graduating secondary student teachers indicates that, while all groups have a high degree of access to computers and many have basis skills in using software, the use of computers and other information technologies within the College curriculum is limited. All groups believe that skills in using IT are important for beginning teachers but most lecturers do not model its use or teach its use in schools. Students have limited experience in using IT during practicum sessions, and lecturers, themselves, have limited practical experience of IT in education. The importance of strategies indicated by the literature for improving this aspect of pre-service teacher education is supported by the findings of the research. The various factors identified as influencing pre-service teacher education are summarised in a model which draws attention to the different sites in which students develop a range of skills, knowledge and attitudes, all of which affect their understanding and capacity to use IT in their teaching roles. In the light of these findings, and the absence of any previous New Zealand research in this area, the study identifies areas where there is a need for further research. It is argued that such research is urgently needed in view of growing concern at the ineffectiveness of pre-service teacher education in this area.
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    Socialisation, community, and shopping malls : an empirical study at Auckland's St. Lukes Mall : examining the role the mall plays for its patrons : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Anthropology at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1996) Farmer, Nathan Jerome
    With the steady growth in the number of shopping malls being constructed, and the high level of media attention they have been receiving, this exploratory study investigated the role shopping centres play for their patrons and conceptualized the findings via both modernist and postmodernist analyses. A variety of methods were used: surveys, structured interviews, extended open interviews, and photographic observation. The survey and interview information was analysed for regularities and themes. The St Lukes mall, for over half of its patrons, did serve a social role as a site for meeting people and "hanging out". However, St Lukes is a very middle class mall - therefore questions were raised as to whether the poor are able to relate the same way to 'their' malls. Cultural, social and economic factors all appeared to underlie mall patronage.
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    Visitor impact on the environment : perceptions and misconceptions : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Studies in Management at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1997) Logie, Mary June
    Ever since the Brundtland Report there has been strong focus on the need for effective environmental management to achieve sustainability and this has intensified since Agenda 21. Changes caused by increasing visitor numbers and easier access are causing concern in traditional recreational areas such as the chosen case study. Piha is easily accessible to almost one million people in the Auckland metropolitan area. In this fragile coastal environment there are many different perceptions of visitor impact. Conflict amongst user groups and residents is unavoidable unless the issues concerning environmental impacts are clarified. The key issue is the necessity for baseline environmental assessment that takes into account the perceptions of all stakeholders. Once any conflict of interest has been identified there is a better chance that conservation and development will be balanced and visitor impacts controlled. A method rarely used in the context of environmental planning is Trochim's Concept Mapping System. This project shows how the system can be applied to clarify environmental perceptions using stakeholder focus groups to clarify and rank important environmental issues. A traditional survey based on issues revealed by the concept mapping process and targeting a different population is used to test the conccpt mapping findings. The results of this study show concept mapping to be a useful resource planning tool not only for issue identification but also for providing a readily understood visual system to allow stakeholders to understand the complete picture in order to reach the understanding needed for useful involvement in a planning process. Used alone or alongside other planning techniques, it is shown to have a useful place in a planning system. Limits of Acceptable Change is a possible community-based planning framework for using the Concept Mapping system to incorporate stakeholders' perceptions. An adaptation of this framework may help achieve sustainable visitor impact management.