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    Computational approaches to the calculation of spectroscopic, structural and mechanical properties of polysaccharide chains : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2010) Anjukandi, Padmesh
    In this thesis atomistic, statistical mechanical and coarse grained simulation techniques are used to study the properties of biopolymers and in particular the plant polysaccharide pectin. Spectroscopic aspects, structural and conformational behavior, and mechanical properties of the molecule in di erent physical states are addressed. After an introduction to the area and the theoretical techniques utilised herein (chapter 1), chapter 2 deals with the spectroscopic characterisation of pectin. Spectra were obtained theoretically by undertaking complete energy minimisation and Hessien calculations using DFT techniques implemented in Gamess (PC & US) packages. The calculated IR absorptions of di erent pectinic species and oligomers coupled on di erent surfaces were compared with experimental results. Herein, it is con rmed that experimental FTIR studies coupled with DFT calculations can be used as an e ective tool for the characterisation of pectin, and studying chemical coupling of the biopolymer to surfaces. In chapter 3, the properties of single chain polymer systems in controlled solvent conditions were studied using Brownian dynamics simulations, motivated by the formation of secondary structure architectures in biopolymer systems. We focus on the conformational properties of the chain in the presence of an additional torsional potential. New, interesting, and biologically relevant structures were found at the single molecule scale when a torsional potential was considered in the calculations. In chapter 4, results from DFT calculations carried out on single pectin sugar molecules (lengths and the free energies) are incorporated into a statistical mechanical model of polymer stretching, in order to obtain the force-extension behaviour of a single molecule pectin. This captures a good deal of the phenomenology of the single molecule stretching behavior of pectin. Chapter 5 summarises the conclusions of the work and nally chapter 6 suggests direction for further work.
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    Spin-dependent electronic and transport properties of unconventional conductors : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2010) Ingenhoven, Philip Christopher
    In this thesis we present three different aspects of spin and spin-dependent transport properties in novel materials. Spurred by the prospect of spintronic devices, which use the spin degree of freedom of electrons instead of, or combined with, the charge degree of freedom, we analyse the spin properties of quantum wires, organic conducting polymers and sheets of graphene. First, we examine a quantum wire that is embedded in a two dimensional electron gas. We consider the Rashba spin-orbit coupling, and include the effect of interaction between the conduction electrons. We construct an analytically solvable low-energy theory for the wire, and explore the interaction between two magnetic impurities in the wire. We find that both the spin-orbit coupling and the electron-electron interaction have an effect on the magnetic interaction, and find the magnetic interaction to be tunable by an electric field. Next, we study an organic conducting polymer, which is contacted to magnetised ferromagnetic leads. In semiconducting organic polymers the current is transported by spinful polarons and spinless bipolarons. We simulate the transport through the system, including both types of charge carriers, and find the current to be insensitive to the presence of bipolarons. In addition, we find the bipolaron density to depend on the relative magnetisation of the ferromagnetic contacts. This constitutes an optical way of measuring the spin accumulation in conducting polymers. Finally, we investigate the optical conductivity of graphene. Symmetry arguments indicate the existence of two kinds of spin-orbit coupling in the two dimensional lattice, but there is no consensus about the actual strength of these couplings. We calculated the microwave optical conductivity of graphene including both possible spin-orbit interactions. We find the low frequency dependence of the optical conductivity to have a unique imprint of the spin-orbit couplings. This opens a possibility to experimentally determine both couplings separately.
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    Detangling flat bands into Fano lattices
    (EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY, 1/02/2014) Flach S; Leykam D; Bodyfelt JD; Matthies P; Desyatnikov AS
    Macroscopically degenerate flat bands (FB) in periodic lattices host compact localized states which appear due to destructive interference and local symmetry. Interference provides a deep connection between the existence of flat band states (FBS) and the appearance of Fano resonances for wave propagation. We introduce generic transformations detangling FBS and dispersive states into lattices of Fano defects. Inverting the transformation, we generate a continuum of FB models. Our procedure allows us to systematically treat perturbations such as disorder and explain the emergence of energy-dependent localization length scaling in terms of Fano resonances. © Copyright EPLA, 2014.
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    The crossover from strong to weak chaos for nonlinear waves in disordered systems
    (EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY, 1/08/2010) Laptyeva TV; Bodyfelt JD; Krimer DO; Skokos C; Flach S
    We observe a crossover from strong to weak chaos in the spatiotemporal evolution of multiple-site excitations within disordered chains with cubic nonlinearity. Recent studies have shown that Anderson localization is destroyed, and the wave packet spreading is characterized by an asymptotic divergence of the second moment m2 in time (as t1/3), due to weak chaos. In the present paper, we observe the existence of a qualitatively new dynamical regime of strong chaos, in which the second moment spreads even faster (as t1/2), with a crossover to the asymptotic law of weak chaos at larger times. We analyze the pecularities of these spreading regimes and perform extensive numerical simulations over large times with ensemble averaging. A technique of local derivatives on logarithmic scales is developed in order to quantitatively visualize the slow crossover processes. Copyright © 2010 EPLA.
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    Interactions destroy dynamical localization with strong and weak chaos
    (EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY, 1/11/2011) Gligorić G; Bodyfelt JD; Flach S
    Bose-Einstein condensates loaded into kicked optical lattices can be treated as quantum kicked-rotor systems. Noninteracting rotors show dynamical localization in momentum space. The experimentally tunable condensate interaction is included in a qualitative Gross-Pitaevskii-type model based on two-body interactions. We observe strong- and weak-chaos regimes of wave packet spreading in momentum space. In the intermediate strong-chaos regime the condensate energy grows as t1/2. In the asymptotic weak-chaos case the growth crosses over into a t1/3 law. The results do not depend on the details of the kicking. © Europhysics Letters Association.
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    Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at √s = 0.9 and 2.36TeV
    (SPRINGER, 1/01/2010) Khachatryan V; Sirunyan AM; Tumasyan A; Adam W; Bergauer T; Dragicevic M; Erö J; Friedl M; Frühwirth R; Ghete VM; Hammer J; Hänsel S; Hoch M; Hörmann N; Hrubec J; Jeitler M; Kasieczka G; Krammer M; Liko D; Mikulec I; Pernicka M; Rohringer H; Schöfbeck R; Strauss J; Taurok A; Teischinger F; Waltenberger W; Walzel G; Widl E; Wulz CE; Mossolov V; Shumeiko N; Suarez Gonzalez J; Benucci L; De Wolf EA; Hashemi M; Janssen X; Maes T; Mucibello L; Ochesanu S; Rougny R; Selvaggi M; Van Haevermaet H; Van Mechelen P; Van Remortel N; Adler V; Beauceron S; D’Hondt J; Devroede O; Kalogeropoulos A; Maes J; Mozer MU; Tavernier S; Van Doninck W; Van Mulders P; Villella I; Chabert EC; Charaf O; Clerbaux B; De Lentdecker G; Dero V; Gay APR; Hammad GH; Marage PE; Vander Velde C; Vanlaer P; Wickens J; Grunewald M; Klein B; Marinov A; Ryckbosch D; Thyssen F; Tytgat M; Vanelderen L; Verwilligen P; Walsh S; Basegmez S; Bruno G; Caudron J; Cortina Gil E; De Favereau De Jeneret J; Delaere C; Demin P; Favart D; Giammanco A; Grégoire G; Hollar J; Lemaitre V; Maltoni F; Militaru O; Ovyn S; Piotrzkowski K; Quertenmont L; Schul N; Beliy N; Caebergs T; Daubie E; Herquet P; Alves GA; Pol ME
    Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at √s = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0:46 ± 0:01 (stat.) ± 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0:50 ± 0:01 (stat.) ± 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2:4 and +2:4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dNch/dη| |η|>0.5, are 3:48±0:02 (stat.) ± 0.13 (syst.) and 4:47±0:04 (stat.) ± 0.16 (syst.), respectively. The results at 0.9 TeV are in agreement with previous measurements and con- firm the expectation of near equal hadron production in pp̄ and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date.
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    Measurement of the charge ratio of atmospheric muons with the CMS detector
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 1/01/2010) Khachatryan V; Sirunyan AM; Tumasyan A; Adam W; Bergauer T; Dragicevic M; Erö J; Fabjan C; Friedl M; Frühwirth R; Ghete VM; Hammer J; Hänsel S; Hoch M; Hörmann N; Hrubec J; Jeitler M; Kasieczka G; Kiesenhofer W; Krammer M; Liko D; Mikulec I; Pernicka M; Rohringer H; Schöfbeck R; Strauss J; Taurok A; Teischinger F; Waltenberger W; Walzel G; Widl E; Wulz CE; Mossolov V; Shumeiko N; Suarez Gonzalez J; Benucci L; Ceard L; De Wolf EA; Hashemi M; Janssen X; Maes T; Mucibello L; Ochesanu S; Roland B; Rougny R; Selvaggi M; Van Haevermaet H; Van Mechelen P; Van Remortel N; Adler V; Beauceron S; Blyweert S; D'Hondt J; Devroede O; Kalogeropoulos A; Maes J; Maes M; Tavernier S; Van Doninck W; Van Mulders P; Villella I; Chabert EC; Charaf O; Clerbaux B; De Lentdecker G; Dero V; Gay APR; Hammad GH; Marage PE; Vander Velde C; Vanlaer P; Wickens J; Costantini S; Grunewald M; Klein B; Marinov A; Ryckbosch D; Thyssen F; Tytgat M; Vanelderen L; Verwilligen P; Walsh S; Zaganidis N; Basegmez S; Bruno G; Caudron J; De Favereau De Jeneret J; Delaere C; Demin P; Favart D; Giammanco A; Grégoire G; Hollar J; Lemaitre V; Militaru O; Ovyn S; Pagano D; Pin A; Piotrzkowski K; Quertenmont L
    We present a measurement of the ratio of positive to negative muon fluxes from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, using data collected by the CMS detector both at ground level and in the underground experimental cavern at the CERN LHC. Muons were detected in the momentum range from 5 GeV/. c to 1 TeV/. c. The surface flux ratio is measured to be 1.2766±0.0032(stat.)±0.0032(syst.), independent of the muon momentum, below 100 GeV/. c. This is the most precise measurement to date. At higher momenta the data are consistent with an increase of the charge ratio, in agreement with cosmic ray shower models and compatible with previous measurements by deep-underground experiments. © 2010.
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    Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at square root of s = 7 TeV.
    (AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 9/07/2010) Khachatryan V; Sirunyan AM; Tumasyan A; Adam W; Bergauer T; Dragicevic M; Erö J; Fabjan C; Friedl M; Frühwirth R; Ghete VM; Hammer J; Hänsel S; Hoch M; Hörmann N; Hrubec J; Jeitler M; Kasieczka G; Kiesenhofer W; Krammer M; Liko D; Mikulec I; Pernicka M; Rohringer H; Schöfbeck R; Strauss J; Taurok A; Teischinger F; Waltenberger W; Walzel G; Widl E; Wulz C-E; Mossolov V; Shumeiko N; Suarez Gonzalez J; Benucci L; Ceard L; De Wolf EA; Hashemi M; Janssen X; Maes T; Mucibello L; Ochesanu S; Roland B; Rougny R; Selvaggi M; Van Haevermaet H; Van Mechelen P; Van Remortel N; Adler V; Beauceron S; Blyweert S; D'Hondt J; Devroede O; Kalogeropoulos A; Maes J; Maes M; Tavernier S; Van Doninck W; Van Mulders P; Villella I; Chabert EC; Charaf O; Clerbaux B; De Lentdecker G; Dero V; Gay APR; Hammad GH; Marage PE; Vander Velde C; Vanlaer P; Wickens J; Costantini S; Grunewald M; Klein B; Marinov A; Ryckbosch D; Thyssen F; Tytgat M; Vanelderen L; Verwilligen P; Walsh S; Zaganidis N; Basegmez S; Bruno G; Caudron J; De Favereau De Jeneret J; Delaere C; Demin P; Favart D; Giammanco A; Grégoire G; Hollar J; Lemaitre V; Militaru O; Ovyn S; Pagano D; Pin A; Piotrzkowski K; Quertenmont L; Schul N; Beliy N; Caebergs T; Daubie E; Alves GA; Pol ME; Souza MHG; Carvalho W; Da Costa EM; De Jesus Damiao D; De Oliveira Martins C; Fonseca De Souza S; Mundim L; Oguri V; Santoro A; Silva Do Amaral SM; Sznajder A; Torres Da Silva De Araujo F; Dias FA; Dias MAF; Fernandez Perez Tomei TR; Gregores EM; Marinho F; Novaes SF; Padula SS; Darmenov N; Dimitrov L; Genchev V; Iaydjiev P; Piperov S; Stoykova S; Sultanov G; Trayanov R; Vankov I; Dyulendarova M; Hadjiiska R; Kozhuharov V; Litov L; Marinova E; Mateev M; Pavlov B; Petkov P; Bian JG; Chen GM; Chen HS; Jiang CH; Liang D; Liang S; Wang J; Wang J; Wang X; Wang Z; Yang M; Zang J; Zhang Z; Ban Y; Guo S; Hu Z; Mao Y; Qian SJ; Teng H; Zhu B; Cabrera A; Carrillo Montoya CA; Gomez Moreno B; Ocampo Rios AA; Osorio Oliveros AF; Sanabria JC; Godinovic N; Lelas D; Lelas K; Plestina R; Polic D; Puljak I; Antunovic Z; Dzelalija M; Brigljevic V; Duric S; Kadija K; Morovic S; Attikis A; Fereos R; Galanti M; Mousa J; Nicolaou C; Papadakis A; Ptochos F; Razis PA; Rykaczewski H; Tsiakkouri D; Zinonos Z; Mahmoud M; Hektor A; Kadastik M; Kannike K; Müntel M; Raidal M; Rebane L; Azzolini V; Eerola P; Czellar S; Härkönen J; Heikkinen A; Karimäki V; Kinnunen R; Klem J; Kortelainen MJ; Lampén T; Lassila-Perini K; Lehti S; Lindén T; Luukka P; Mäenpää T; Tuominen E; Tuominiemi J; Tuovinen E; Ungaro D; Wendland L; Banzuzi K; Korpela A; Tuuva T; Sillou D; Besancon M; Dejardin M; Denegri D; Descamps J; Fabbro B; Faure JL; Ferri F; Ganjour S; Gentit FX; Givernaud A; Gras P; Hamel de Monchenault G; Jarry P; Locci E; Malcles J; Marionneau M; Millischer L; Rander J; Rosowsky A; Rousseau D; Titov M; Verrecchia P; Baffioni S; Bianchini L; Bluj M; Broutin C; Busson P; Charlot C; Dobrzynski L; Elgammal S; Granier de Cassagnac R; Haguenauer M; Kalinowski A; Miné P; Paganini P; Sabes D; Sirois Y; Thiebaux C; Zabi A; Agram J-L; Besson A; Bloch D; Bodin D; Brom J-M; Cardaci M; Conte E; Drouhin F; Ferro C; Fontaine J-C; Gelé D; Goerlach U; Greder S; Juillot P; Karim M; Le Bihan A-C; Mikami Y; Speck J; Van Hove P; Fassi F; Mercier D; Baty C; Beaupere N; Bedjidian M; Bondu O; Boudoul G; Boumediene D; Brun H; Chanon N; Chierici R; Contardo D; Depasse P; El Mamouni H; Fay J; Gascon S; Ille B; Kurca T; Le Grand T; Lethuillier M; Mirabito L; Perries S; Tosi S; Tschudi Y; Verdier P; Xiao H; Roinishvili V; Anagnostou G; Edelhoff M; Feld L; Heracleous N; Hindrichs O; Jussen R; Klein K; Merz J; Mohr N; Ostapchuk A; Perieanu A; Raupach F; Sammet J; Schael S; Sprenger D; Weber H; Weber M; Wittmer B; Actis O; Ata M; Bender W; Biallass P; Erdmann M; Frangenheim J; Hebbeker T; Hinzmann A; Hoepfner K; Hof C; Kirsch M; Klimkovich T; Kreuzer P; Lanske D; Magass C; Merschmeyer M; Meyer A; Papacz P; Pieta H; Reithler H; Schmitz SA; Sonnenschein L; Sowa M; Steggemann J; Teyssier D; Zeidler C; Bontenackels M; Davids M; Duda M; Flügge G; Geenen H; Giffels M; Haj Ahmad W; Heydhausen D; Kress T; Kuessel Y; Linn A; Nowack A; Perchalla L; Pooth O; Sauerland P; Stahl A; Thomas M; Tornier D; Zoeller MH; Aldaya Martin M; Behrenhoff W; Behrens U; Bergholz M; Borras K; Campbell A; Castro E; Dammann D; Eckerlin G; Flossdorf A; Flucke G; Geiser A; Hauk J; Jung H; Kasemann M; Katkov I; Kleinwort C; Kluge H; Knutsson A; Kuznetsova E; Lange W; Lohmann W; Mankel R; Marienfeld M; Melzer-Pellmann I-A; Meyer AB; Mnich J; Mussgiller A; Olzem J; Parenti A; Raspereza A; Schmidt R; Schoerner-Sadenius T; Sen N; Stein M; Tomaszewska J; Volyanskyy D; Wissing C; Autermann C; Draeger J; Eckstein D; Enderle H; Gebbert U; Kaschube K; Kaussen G; Klanner R; Mura B; Naumann-Emme S; Nowak F; Sander C; Schettler H; Schleper P; Schröder M; Schum T; Schwandt J; Stadie H; Steinbrück G; Thomsen J; Wolf R; Bauer J; Buege V; Cakir A; Chwalek T; Daeuwel D; De Boer W; Dierlamm A; Dirkes G; Feindt M; Gruschke J; Hackstein C; Hartmann F; Heinrich M; Held H; Hoffmann KH; Honc S; Kuhr T; Martschei D; Mueller S; Müller T; Niegel M; Oberst O; Oehler A; Ott J; Peiffer T; Piparo D; Quast G; Rabbertz K; Ratnikov F; Renz M; Sabellek A; Saout C; Scheurer A; Schieferdecker P; Schilling F-P; Schott G; Simonis HJ; Stober FM; Troendle D; Wagner-Kuhr J; Zeise M; Zhukov V; Ziebarth EB; Daskalakis G; Geralis T; Kyriakis A; Loukas D; Manolakos I; Markou A; Markou C; Mavrommatis C; Petrakou E; Gouskos L; Katsas P; Panagiotou A; Evangelou I; Kokkas P; Manthos N; Papadopoulos I; Patras V; Triantis FA; Aranyi A; Bencze G; Boldizsar L; Debreczeni G; Hajdu C; Horvath D; Kapusi A; Krajczar K; Laszlo A; Sikler F; Vesztergombi G; Beni N; Molnar J; Palinkas J; Szillasi Z; Veszpremi V; Raics P; Trocsanyi ZL; Ujvari B; Bansal S; Beri SB; Bhatnagar V; Jindal M; Kaur M; Kohli JM; Mehta MZ; Nishu N; Saini LK; Sharma A; Sharma R; Singh AP; Singh JB; Singh SP; Ahuja S; Bhattacharya S; Chauhan S; Choudhary BC; Gupta P; Jain S; Jain S; Kumar A; Ranjan K; Shivpuri RK; Choudhury RK; Dutta D; Kailas S; Kataria SK; Mohanty AK; Pant LM; Shukla P; Suggisetti P; Aziz T; Guchait M; Gurtu A; Maity M; Majumder D; Majumder G; Mazumdar K; Mohanty GB; Saha A; Sudhakar K; Wickramage N; Banerjee S; Dugad S; Mondal NK; Arfaei H; Bakhshiansohi H; Fahim A; Jafari A; Mohammadi Najafabadi M; Paktinat Mehdiabadi S; Safarzadeh B; Zeinali M; Abbrescia M; Barbone L; Colaleo A; Creanza D; De Filippis N; De Palma M; Dimitrov A; Fedele F; Fiore L; Iaselli G; Lusito L; Maggi G; Maggi M; Manna N; Marangelli B; My S; Nuzzo S; Pierro GA; Pompili A; Pugliese G; Romano F; Roselli G; Selvaggi G; Silvestris L; Trentadue R; Tupputi S; Zito G; Abbiendi G; Benvenuti AC; Bonacorsi D; Braibant-Giacomelli S; Castro A; Cavallo FR; Codispoti G; Dallavalle GM; Fabbri F; Fanfani A; Fasanella D; Giacomelli P; Giunta M; Grandi C; Marcellini S; Masetti G; Montanari A; Navarria FL; Odorici F; Perrotta A; Rossi AM; Rovelli T; Siroli G; Travaglini R; Albergo S; Cappello G; Chiorboli M; Costa S; Tricomi A; Tuve C; Barbagli G; Broccolo G; Ciulli V; Civinini C; D'Alessandro R; Focardi E; Frosali S; Gallo E; Genta C; Lenzi P; Meschini M; Paoletti S; Sguazzoni G; Tropiano A; Benussi L; Bianco S; Colafranceschi S; Fabbri F; Piccolo D; Fabbricatore P; Musenich R; Benaglia A; Cerati GB; De Guio F; Di Matteo L; Ghezzi A; Govoni P; Malberti M; Malvezzi S; Martelli A; Massironi A; Menasce D; Miccio V; Moroni L; Negri P; Paganoni M; Pedrini D; Ragazzi S; Redaelli N; Sala S; Salerno R; Tabarelli de Fatis T; Tancini V; Taroni S; Buontempo S; Cimmino A; De Cosa A; De Gruttola M; Fabozzi F; Iorio AOM; Lista L; Noli P; Paolucci P; Azzi P; Bacchetta N; Bellan P; Bellato M; Biasotto M; Bisello D; Carlin R; Checchia P; De Mattia M; Dorigo T; Fanzago F; Gasparini F; Giubilato P; Gresele A; Lacaprara S; Lazzizzera I; Margoni M; Maron G; Meneguzzo AT; Nespolo M; Perrozzi L; Pozzobon N; Ronchese P; Simonetto F; Torassa E; Tosi M; Triossi A; Vanini S; Zumerle G; Baesso P; Berzano U; Riccardi C; Torre P; Vitulo P; Viviani C; Biasini M; Bilei GM; Caponeri B; Fanò L; Lariccia P; Lucaroni A; Mantovani G; Menichelli M; Nappi A; Santocchia A; Servoli L; Valdata M; Volpe R; Azzurri P; Bagliesi G; Bernardini J; Boccali T; Castaldi R; Dagnolo RT; Dell'Orso R; Fiori F; Foà L; Giassi A; Kraan A; Ligabue F; Lomtadze T; Martini L; Messineo A; Palla F; Palmonari F; Segneri G; Serban AT; Spagnolo P; Tenchini R; Tonelli G; Venturi A; Verdini PG; Barone L; Cavallari F; Del Re D; Di Marco E; Diemoz M; Franci D; Grassi M; Longo E; Organtini G; Palma A; Pandolfi F; Paramatti R; Rahatlou S; Amapane N; Arcidiacono R; Argiro S; Arneodo M; Biino C; Botta C; Cartiglia N; Castello R; Costa M; Demaria N; Graziano A; Mariotti C; Marone M; Maselli S; Migliore E; Mila G; Monaco V; Musich M; Obertino MM; Pastrone N; Pelliccioni M; Romero A; Ruspa M; Sacchi R; Solano A; Staiano A; Trocino D; Vilela Pereira A; Ambroglini F; Belforte S; Cossutti F; Della Ricca G; Gobbo B; Montanino D; Penzo A; Chang S; Chung J; Kim DH; Kim GN; Kim JE; Kong DJ; Park H; Son DC; Kim Z; Kim JY; Song S; Hong B; Kim H; Kim JH; Kim TJ; Lee KS; Moon DH; Park SK; Rhee HB; Sim KS; Choi M; Kang S; Kim H; Park C; Park IC; Park S; Choi S; Choi Y; Choi YK; Goh J; Lee J; Lee S; Seo H; Yu I; Janulis M; Martisiute D; Petrov P; Sabonis T; Castilla Valdez H; De La Cruz Burelo E; Lopez-Fernandez R; Sánchez Hernández A; Villaseñor-Cendejas LM; Carrillo Moreno S; Salazar Ibarguen HA; Casimiro Linares E; Morelos Pineda A; Reyes-Santos MA; Allfrey P; Krofcheck D; Tam J; Aumeyr T; Butler PH; Signal T; Williams JC; Ahmad M; Ahmed I; Asghar MI; Hoorani HR; Khan WA; Khurshid T; Qazi S; Cwiok M; Dominik W; Doroba K; Konecki M; Krolikowski J; Frueboes T; Gokieli R; Górski M; Kazana M; Nawrocki K; Szleper M; Wrochna G; Zalewski P; Almeida N; David A; Faccioli P; Ferreira Parracho PG; Gallinaro M; Mini G; Musella P; Nayak A; Raposo L; Ribeiro PQ; Seixas J; Silva P; Soares D; Varela J; Wöhri HK; Altsybeev I; Belotelov I; Bunin P; Finger M; Finger M; Golutvin I; Kamenev A; Karjavin V; Kozlov G; Lanev A; Moisenz P; Palichik V; Perelygin V; Shmatov S; Smirnov V; Volodko A; Zarubin A; Bondar N; Golovtsov V; Ivanov Y; Kim V; Levchenko P; Smirnov I; Sulimov V; Uvarov L; Vavilov S; Vorobyev A; Andreev Y; Gninenko S; Golubev N; Kirsanov M; Krasnikov N; Matveev V; Pashenkov A; Toropin A; Troitsky S; Epshteyn V; Gavrilov V; Ilina N; Kaftanov V; Kossov M; Krokhotin A; Kuleshov S; Oulianov A; Safronov G; Semenov S; Shreyber I; Stolin V; Vlasov E; Zhokin A; Boos E; Dubinin M; Dudko L; Ershov A; Gribushin A; Kodolova O; Lokhtin I; Obraztsov S; Petrushanko S; Sarycheva L; Savrin V; Snigirev A; Andreev V; Dremin I; Kirakosyan M; Rusakov SV; Vinogradov A; Azhgirey I; Bitioukov S; Datsko K; Grishin V; Kachanov V; Konstantinov D; Krychkine V; Petrov V; Ryutin R; Slabospitsky S; Sobol A; Sytine A; Tourtchanovitch L; Troshin S; Tyurin N; Uzunian A; Volkov A; Adzic P; Djordjevic M; Krpic D; Maletic D; Milosevic J; Puzovic J; 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CMS Collaboration
    Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at square root of s = 7  TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity dN(ch)/dη|(|η|<0.5) = 5.78 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.23(syst) for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from square root of s = 0.9 to 7 TeV is [66.1 ± 1.0(stat) ± 4.2(syst)]%. The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545 ± 0.005(stat) ± 0.015(syst)  GeV/c. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies.
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    Nonlinear waves in disordered chains: probing the limits of chaos and spreading.
    (AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2011-07) Bodyfelt JD; Laptyeva TV; Skokos C; Krimer DO; Flach S
    We probe the limits of nonlinear wave spreading in disordered chains which are known to localize linear waves. We particularly extend recent studies on the regimes of strong and weak chaos during subdiffusive spreading of wave packets [Europhys. Lett. 91, 30001 (2010)] and consider strong disorder, which favors Anderson localization. We probe the limit of infinite disorder strength and study Fröhlich-Spencer-Wayne models. We find that the assumption of chaotic wave packet dynamics and its impact on spreading is in accord with all studied cases. Spreading appears to be asymptotic, without any observable slowing down. We also consider chains with spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearity, which give further support to our findings and conclusions.
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    Erratum: Detangling flat bands into Fano lattices
    (EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY, 1/01/2014) Flach S; Leykam D; Bodyfelt JD; Matthies P; Desyatnikov AS