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    "Please Sir, can we play a game?" : transforming games teaching and coaching: a practitioner's perspective : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2018) Slade, Dennis George
    Over the last 30 years, traditional skill-based game teaching models have gradually been supplemented by instruction under an inclusive banner of Game Centred Learning (GCL) but more specifically, Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU). This thesis uniquely examines from a practitioner’s perspective how the development of GCL and its dissemination occurred in New Zealand (NZ) 1945-2015. The multi-method approach establishes through a triangulation of data sources utilising a bricolage approach that the development was not mandated by educational policy but evolved through various combinations of insights from early luminaries in the field and visits to NZ by a key figure in the field (Rod Thorpe). Additionally, a new guard of Physical Educators in pre-service teacher education colleges in NZ were also significantly influential in the dissemination of GCL strategies as was a new socio-ecological perspective in PE syllabi (1999; 2007). An emergent autoethnographic documentation of the author’s role further informs this evolution of GCL and TGfU practices in NZ. Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, practice and field are used as markers to signal change and record tensions that ultimately led to adoption of GCL practice in PE teaching and sport coaching in NZ. The thesis findings present implications for PE practitioners through innovative GCL approaches, associated with play, mastery learning and TGfU, that involves transforming play. It is concluded that at a practical and theoretical level, TGfU should be seen in a holistic experiential sense and integrated into PE programmes acknowledging its potential to contribute to and enhance citizenship. The final contribution to knowledge of this research is the presentation of a model of GCL designed to transform play.
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    The "teaching games for understanding" physical education instructional model : a comparative study into the effects on knowledge and game performance : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2001) Watson, Leyton
    This purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the alternative "Teaching Games for Understanding" (TGFU) instructional model for education in sport and games. The model was compared to a traditional approach to instruction that has been and continues to remain dominant across physical education curriculums. This model is defined as "skill-based" instruction. The study was undertaken in the naturalistic setting of a New Zealand secondary school with year 10 students. The game adopted for instruction was short tennis. Two classes of students were assigned treatment under one of the instructional models in an eight-lesson unit with a third class assigned as a control. Twenty-two students were tested on declarative knowledge of short tennis rules and scoring, shots/strokes, and strategies in the form of a pre and post written test. Students' pre and post game performance was measured using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Player performance was coded from video footage to assess tactical court movement and decision-making as well as skill execution. Declarative knowledge domain results revealed a statistically significant improvement in both treatment groups for overall knowledge. In specific knowledge categories, the TGFU treatment group also improved significantly in skill and strategy related knowledge over instruction time whilst the skill-based group improved significantly in skill-related knowledge only. The TGFU group's skill-related knowledge improvement was also significantly higher than the skill-based group. Game performance results indicated that some improvement was evident in both treatment groups following instruction with a trend for a greater degree of improvement in tactical performance by the TGFU group. However this improvement was not found to be statistically significant for either treatment group or between groups for any GPAI component. Findings are analysed and discussed in light of previous studies and recommendations are provided for future research into game and sport pedagogy.