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    Prevalence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and ALMS1 Variant in Sphynx Cats in New Zealand
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-09-10) Seo J; Loh Y; Connolly DJ; Luis Fuentes V; Dutton E; Hunt H; Munday JS; Montoya-Alonso JA
    Recently, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Sphynx cats has been associated with a variant in the gene encoding Alström syndrome protein 1 (ALMS1). The primary aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of HCM in Sphynx cats in New Zealand, and to assess the association between HCM and the ALMS1 variant in this population. In this prospective study, 55 apparently healthy Sphynx cats from registered Sphynx breeders and pet owners in New Zealand were screened by a cardiologist. A total of 42 of these cats had a repeat cardiac examination after median 1.8 years (range: 1.6-2.2). The frequency of the ALMS1 variant was 70.9% (11 homozygous and 28 heterozygous). At the median age of 5.8 years (range: 2.4-13.1), the prevalence of HCM was 40% (20 out of 55 cats). Three cats with HCM died during the study with congestive heart failure. All three cats had focal but extensive myocardial ischemia or infarction at necropsy. The ALMS1 variant was not associated with the HCM diagnosis. In summary, HCM was common in the studied cohort, suggesting Sphynx cats are predisposed to this disease. While the ALMS1 variant was also frequently detected, it was not associated with HCM in this population.
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    sFlt-1 and NTproBNP independently predict mortality in a cohort of heart failure patients.
    (2/12/2018) Paterson MA; Pilbrow AP; Frampton CM; Cameron VA; Pemberton CJ; Lund M; Devlin GP; Doughty RN; Richards AM; Palmer B
    Objective: Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) is a circulating receptor for VEGF-A. Recent reports of elevated plasma levels of sFlt-1 in coronary heart disease and heart failure (HF) motivated our study aimed at investigating the utility of sFlt-1 as a prognostic biomarker in heart failure patients. Methods: ELISA assays for sFlt-1 and NTproBNP were performed in n=858 patients from a prospective multicentre, observational study (the PEOPLE study) of outcome among patients after appropriate treatment for an episode of acute decompensated HF in New Zealand. Plasma was sampled at a baseline visit and stored at -80°C. Statistical tests were adjusted for patient age at baseline visit, skewed data were log-adjusted and the endpoint for clinical outcome analysis was all-cause death. Patients were followed for a median of 3.63 (range 0.74-5.50) years. Results: Mean baseline plasma sFlt-1 was 125 +/- 2.01 pg/ml. sFlt-1 was higher in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (130 +/- 2.62 pg/ml, n=553) compared to those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) (117 +/-3.59 pg/ml, n=305; p=0.005). sFlt-1 correlated with heart rate (r=0.148, p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.139, p<0.001) and LVEF (r=-0.088, p=0.019). A Cox proportional hazards model showed sFlt-1 was a predictor of all-cause death (HR=6.30, p<0.001) in the PEOPLE cohort independent of age, NTproBNP, ischaemic aetiology, and NYHA class (n=842, 274 deaths), established predictors of mortality in the PEOPLE cohort. Conclusion: sFlt-1 levels at baseline should be investigated further as a predictor of death; complementary to established prognostic biomarkers in heart failure.