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    Can Dietary Supplements Support Muscle Function and Physical Activity? A Narrative Review
    (MDPI AG (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-11-06) Brough L; Rees G; Drummond-Clarke L; McCallum JE; Taylor E; Kozhevnikov O; Walker S; Willoughby DS
    Dietary supplementation is commonly used by athletes to gain muscle mass, enhance performance, and improve recovery. Most adults engage in insufficient physical activity. Yet healthy muscles are also critical for activities of daily living (ADLs), maintaining a good quality of life and positive ageing. There is growing interest in whether dietary supplementation is of value, particularly among subgroups such as the occasionally active, the ill and elderly, and peri- and menopausal women. By focusing on function, performance, mass and strength, ADLs, exercise-induced muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness, this review sought to examine muscle health through a nutritional lens. Further, to look at the potential benefits and harms of some commonly proposed dietary supplements in non-athlete adults, while exploring the emerging role of the gut–muscle axis. Inflammation appears central to cellular events. Several supplements were identified that, alone or in combination, may help optimise muscle health, particularly when combined with exercise or where a deficit may exist. Although supportive evidence is emerging, real-world clinical benefits remain to be substantiated. Though dietary supplements are generally safe, their regulation is less stringent than for medicines. Adherence to recommended dosage, seeking medical advice regarding possible side effects/interactions, and obtaining supplies from reliable sources are recommended.
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    Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to muscle function and physical performance: (Revision 1)
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority, 2018-10-30) EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (EFSA NDA Panel); Turck D; Castenmiller J; De Henauw S; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Kearney J; Knutsen HK; Maciuk A; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Naska A; Pelaez C; Pentieva K; Thies F; Tsabouri S; Vinceti M; Bresson J-L; Burlingame B; Dean T; Fairweather-Tait S; Heinonen M; Neuhäuser-Berthold M; Nowicka G; Sanz Y; Sjödin A; Stern M; Tomé D; Van Loveren H; Willatts P; Martin A; Strain JJ; Heng L; Martínez SV; Siani A
    EFSA has asked the Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) to update the guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to physical performance published in 2012. The update takes into account the experience gained by the NDA Panel with the evaluation of additional health claim applications, changes introduced to the general scientific guidance for stakeholders for health claims applications and information collected from a grant launched in 2014 which aimed at gathering information in relation to claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement in the context of the scientific substantiation of health claims. The guidance is intended to assist applicants in preparing applications for the authorisation of health claims related to muscle function and physical performance. The draft guidance was subject to public consultation from 16 July to 2 September 2018. This document supersedes the guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to physical performance published in 2012. It is intended that the guidance will be further updated as appropriate in the light of experience gained from the evaluation of health claims.