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Subject: search.filters.subject.440202 Correctional theory, offender treatment and rehabilitation

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    On LIFE within the Society-of-Captives : exploring the pains of imprisonment for real : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2024-12-12) Luff, Daniel John
    Institutional and social discourse upholds the prison as an effective rehabilitative solution to crime, but more recently there has been increasing criticism of the prison as a producer of harm rather than healing. Despite such criticism, discussions of the rehabilitative potentials of prisons predominantly exclude and silence insider, incarcerate voices in criminal justice debates and literature, and often do not describe what those ‘inside’, like me, are living and experiencing. The primary aim of this project is to theorise twenty years of lived experience of incarceration in the hope of contributing to the work being done to problematise risk-averse, harmful correctional practices. Through a deeply reflexive autoethnographic performance, the reader comes with me beyond prison walls, into the largely closed off, inaccessible world within. Through navigation of my lived experience of imprisonment, I reflexively theorise memories of incarceration that are usually only speculated upon through objective, exclusionary research. The account that emerges from theorising incarceration ‘for real’ analyses the constraints of political narratives and risk averse policy and practice produced within our prison system, and within the bodies that system contains. Through an interweave of autoethnographic field noting, performance and analysis, the research unpacks the connections between the structural, socio-political issues, and the pains of incarceration. Using Arrigo’s Society of Captives (SOC) thesis, the harms being produced are theorised with regard to subjectivities constituted through prison – the prisoner, their guard, and society at large. Theoretical storying shows how socio-political issues are having considerably detrimental impacts on correctional policy and practice. Prisoners are neither seen nor heard, and their keepers too are held captive, unable to engage with their charges ethically lest they be reprimanded for doing corrections differently. Through this multi-layered harm, a society of captives is being perpetuated within which the very harm and risk it proclaims to alleviate is reproduced. Embedded in a pursuit of social justice, I argue for a relational, ethical praxis wherein people are seen, and heard, for real. The change is not only theorised but rare instances of it, and the healing power it produces, demonstrated. Through autoethnography’s theoretical praxis, and embracing of the SOC thesis’ pursuit of becoming, my research also involves considerable personal movement. It illustrates how, through the utilisation of autoethnographic methodology, in particular reflexive process, it becomes possible to ethically resist harmful representations and risk-focused correctional practices. In making these movements the research brings us out of prison, and provides in-depth consideration of my bodily attempts to reintegrate into the community after two decades of largely harmful carceral experiences. In these, the narrative contributes to a growing consciousness, global debate, and movement regarding prison, rehabilitation, and how community safety is best served. And it contributes to a process of becoming within me, a bodily movement, a transition into a place where humanness can be done differently…
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    Factors that improve probation officers impact for Māori on probation supervision : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2024) Barrett, Victoria
    The disproportionate number of Māori involved in the justice system is deeply concerning. Māori account for 17% of the total population yet comprise 40% of police arrests and 53.2% of the correctional population in Aotearoa (New Zealand). (The Department of Corrections, Dec 2022). Re-conviction rates for Māori are significantly higher than other ethnicities on average, Māori accumulate 5 to 6 community sentences prior to entering prison, suggesting it is sensible to focus on what works to prevent Māori incarceration. Notwithstanding systemic issues associated with these statistics, research has shown that Probation Officers and the probation process have the potential to positively impact the people serving sentences. This thesis proposes to gain a more holistic understanding of Probation Officers and supervision practices that improve outcomes for Māori within the Aotearoa justice system. Ten Probation Officers and four Māori on probation supervision were interviewed using key themes identified in a literature review. Probation Officers were also asked to complete a personality assessment, which was used to validate some of the findings regarding interpersonal skills. Results suggest a range of multifaceted and complex factors interact and ultimately result in the likelihood of breaking the cycle of criminal behaviour. Further analysis revealed the majority of themes aligned with the Meihana Model, an Indigenous cultural competence framework designed to provide a practical approach to delivering culturally safe practices for Māori and their families. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to improving transformational outcomes for Māori within the justice system.
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    It's (not) just time : the lasting effects of incarceration on identity : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2024) Lipsey, Kalym
    This thesis explores the impact of incarceration on identity, examining how it is shaped by the experience of time. This is explored through a move between repetitive, linear institutional time and subjective, non-linear temporalities. Employing an autoethnographic approach that integrates personal narratives with the theories of Deleuze, Butler, and Foucault, this study demonstrates how prison extends beyond physical and temporal boundaries to reshape identities and life trajectories long after release. Through the concept of “temporal friction”, a conceptualisation of Deleuze’s three syntheses of time, the thesis explores how temporalities dynamically influence incarcerated people’s sense of self. Temporal friction manifests through routine disruptions, enforced performativity, coping strategies, resistance, and power dynamics, which all contribute to reshaping identities. The study also highlights how the roles of grief, loss, guilt, and shame intensify the challenges of incarceration. The thesis proposes “temporal justice” as a framework to address and remedy the disproportionate temporal effects of criminal justice systems. By advocating for a radically reimagined approach to incarceration that considers the temporal penalties extending beyond the prison sentence, this discussion contributes to sociological, criminological, and criminal justice discourses. It challenges existing narratives and proposes a transformative approach that recognises the dynamic interplay between time, identity, and power.
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    Hōkai rangi : a critical discourse analysis of the Department of Corrections five year strategy : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2023) McNab, Ian James
    Hōkai Rangi is a publicly available document that outlines the five-year strategy for the Department of Corrections Aotearoa New Zealand, 2019 to 2024. This thesis uses a Critical Discursive Analysis of the document to identify the power relations that are represented through discourse which will show how Hōkai Rangi is representative of transformative discursive change and how it may become a reifying statement of continued discursive practice. I look at the dominant discourses and knowledges that have shaped correctional practice throughout the history of Western imprisonment and management of human risk. This gives the theoretical, cultural, and historical context for analysis. A subsequent analysis focuses on the clear and obvious, as well as opaque reifying of discursive power relations that trap the Department in its current practices, as well as some of the challenges to discourse that the document proposes. Throughout this work I use the theses on penology and the society of captives, proposed by Arrigo and Milovanovic (2010) to inform potential sites of resistance and spaces for discursive change that could support transformative change for the way in which human risk is conceptualised and managed. I also look to areas of practice that have the potential to enable frontline workers to effect discursive change.