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    Sing out, feel, and then be the force of change! The important role of protest songs from Calle 13, Residente and iLe in Latin American protest movements during the 21st century = ¡Canta, siente, sé el cambio! El rol importante de las canciones de protesta de Calle 13, Residente e iLe en la protesta latinoamericana durante el siglo XXI : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements in the pursuit of the degree of Master of Arts in Spanish, Massey University - Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa
    (Massey University, 2024) Port, Aengus
    Art, and specifically music, has long been an essential tool in personal self-expression across a range of topics that evoke deep human connection and emotion. Whether it be an artistic expression about love, passion, desire, sadness, grief, loss, anger or the like, music has an ability to bring out the emotive side of people when it comes to affairs that stir the heart. This can be taken in a romantic sense, but also in a sense of what sets people on fire on a daily basis; patriotism to their homeland, politics (for or against policy or style of governance) etc. When the public is frustrated by something, naturally they wish to voice their opposition and dissent to the authorities in the clearest way possible, and song has been a time-honoured way of vocalising the desire for the necessary change happen for the greater public good. In the modern context, music in Latin America has been employed to support political opposition and dissent for many years, most notably by way of the Nueva Canción movement sin the second half of the 20th century. This subject, along with legends of the genre such as Victor Jara, Mercedes Sosa and Violeta Parra, fascinated me whilst I was undertaking my initial journey into the Spanish language, culture and heritage of Spanish-speaking countries. Also, the more current context within Latin America, specifically in Puerto Rico, fascinated me. Thus, this analytical study of various examples of protest song being used as a prime tool for political expression and change from the noted Puerto Rican band Calle 13, along with their ex members Residente and iLe, is a fusion of these two interests and an attempt to expand the field of study around the Nueva Canción movement, so as to see whether this movement of music and song still exists in the current 21st century context and then, if so, whether the way this music is composed and delivered changed in time. The inclusion of examples of academic criticism around this subject within the analysis, for example The Woman in Music (Marianne Kielian-Gilbert, 2000), Performative Acts and Gender Construction (Judith Butler, 1988) and “Performance Interventions” and Gestos Descoloniales (M.A. Sánchez Cabrera, 2016), help to contribute something new into this area of study. This critique is going to create a point of reference and define the context behind the profiled songs. This study is intended to be an investigation into whether the Nueva Canción has changed or whether it has remained the same, albeit different, in the intervening period since its inception and recognition as a powerful subgenre of Latin music.
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    Diferencias culturales y su impacto en el mundo laboral : Chile y Nueva Zelanda en los agro-negocios = Cultural differences and their impact in the working world : Chile and New Zealand in agribusiness : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in at Massey University, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2019) Tait, Sarah
    National culture refers to the socially transmitted set of behavioural standards shared by individuals of a nation, which manifest through their personal values, attitudes, cognitive processes, reactions and morals. When it comes to working with individuals from other national cultures, New Zealanders have been criticised for their lack of intercultural ability which is believed to cost them in term of relationships and economic opportunities. New Zealand has growing economic ties with Latin America, but New Zealanders know relatively little about this region’s cultures. This study investigates the experiences had by New Zealand individuals operating business in Southern Chile’s dairy region to better understand how differences in national culture affect their interactions with the local people. A literature review was completed, followed by survey questionnaires and interviews with both New Zealanders and Chileans who have experience working together in this region. The research aimed to identify cultural differences each group perceives in the other and how these differences impact on these groups working together. It was identified that many New Zealanders go to Chile with little language or cultural preparation and the general belief that experience in the market will be the best way to navigate the culture. Chileans believe, however, that New Zealanders’ general lack of language and cultural ability harms how Chileans perceive New Zealanders and that it costs them business relationships in Chile. Chileans claim that New Zealanders’ explicit communication style, lower power distance culture (making them seem impatient in Chile) and their relatively individualistic culture are most difficult for Chileans to understand, accept or work with. While Chileans generally respect New Zealanders in the region, many perceive them as rude (even if just initially) as a result of these differences in culture. New Zealanders feel that the aspects of Chilean culture which have been most difficult to understand, accept or work with include Chile’s relatively higher power distance culture (causing higher levels of bureaucracy and a hierarchical social class system) and the implicit communication style of Chileans. This study captures the journey and struggle New Zealanders have had in understanding Chilean culture, and in becoming more aware of their own national culture and how they must adapt to operate more effectively in the Chilean environment.