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Item The influence of host receptivity and conformity pressure on the intercultural transformation of Filipino migrants in New Zealand(Elsevier B.V., 2024-12-17) Separa LAC; Croucher SM; Hodis GM; Feekery AFilipinos are the second fastest-growing Asian population working in dairy farming, healthcare, construction, and other industries in New Zealand. Like other immigrants, Filipinos experience basic and advanced intercultural transformation as they communicate and interact with people in the country. Croucher and Kramer's cultural fusion theory proposes a positive relationship between host receptivity and intercultural transformation and a negative relationship between host conformity pressure and intercultural transformation. Employing a survey of 315 Filipino migrants in New Zealand, this study addresses the extent to which host receptivity and host conformity pressure affect intercultural transformation. Regression analysis is used to assess the hypotheses and research question. Results reveal both host receptivity and host conformity pressure have positive relationships with intercultural transformation. The potential role of media and Filipino values in this study are also discussed.Item Different on the inside... Third Culture Kids' transition experiences : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand(Massey University, 2018) Tranter, Francesca J.Third Culture Kids (TCKs) are children who have spent a significant part of their upbringing in a country or countries different from their passport country. This thesis explored the experiences of TCKs growing up abroad, and how this may have impacted their transition to their passport country, following high school. In particular, this thesis considered: the benefits of the TCK lifestyle; TCKs’ unique strengths; their cultural identity development; meaning of home and belonging; acculturation and the TCKs’ challenges during transition. It is envisioned that through increasing knowledge and understanding of TCKs, social workers, counselors, tertiary institutions and parents will be better able to address the specific needs of the TCKs during transition to their passport country. By means of a narrative approach to the research, the participants provided insights into their TCK lifestyle and the specific challenges they experienced during their transition back to their passport country. Consideration was given to the theoretical social work perspectives that can benefit social work practice when supporting TCKs. Subsequently, the implications for social work practice provision were established. The research findings identified the many benefits but also challenges to the TCK lifestyle. Much of the challenges TCKs experienced during transition to their passport country resulted from their sociocultural adjustment, highlighting the need for both social and cultural support during their transition. In addition to support, the findings revealed that the TCK lifestyle, cultural identity, family relationships, friendships have a significant perceived influence on the TCK’s successful transition to their passport country.Item Highly skilled South African immigrants in New Zealand : a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2006) Porter, Siobhan AlisonThis exploratory research represents a first step into investigating the acculturation strategies employed by highly skilled South African immigrants to New Zealand. It answers the call for information to be added to the body of knowledge, in this emergent research area for New Zealand, on this specific immigrant group. The report examines the match between the South African and New Zealand acculturation strategies in the workplace, and highlights the relationships expected as a result. It also identifies factors helping and hindering the acculturation of South African immigrants. Limiting factors such as time constrained the report; however, results add new information to the body of knowledge in the fields of immigration to New Zealand, emigration from South Africa, and acculturation in New Zealand. The research used convenience and snowball techniques to identify participants, and structured interviews with open ended questions were used to elicit their migration experiences. Data analysis was qualitative, and consisted of identification of themes that could be used to classify participant groups. The research concluded that highly skilled South African immigrants to New Zealand pursue either an integrative or assimilative acculturation strategy. Those pursuing an integrative strategy are likely to have consensual relationships with New Zealanders in the workplace, given the New Zealand expectation that immigrants should integrate into the host culture. However, those pursuing an assimilation strategy may experience more problematic relationships in the New Zealand workplace. The main factors helping the integration group to acculturate were developing shared understanding and acceptance between different cultural groups. The factors helping the assimilation group were their ability to be flexible and adapt to change. The main factor hindering the acculturation of the integration group was that their expectations of New Zealand workplaces were not met. For the assimilation group the main hindering factor was suffering from acculturative stress. A major implication of the research for New Zealand workplaces is developing a better understanding of highly skilled South African employees, which in particular will affect selection and retention practices for this group. By developing shared understanding, a better fit between the person and their environment can be achieved. This can help ensure the skills of this immigrant group are utilised in New Zealand's growing knowledge economy.Item Experiences of overseas nurse educators teaching in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Education at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2017) Skaria, Reen ThankachenGlobalisation and a shortage of registered nurses in New Zealand have caused an increase in the number of overseas registered nurses and nurse educators migrating to New Zealand. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of overseas nurse educators teaching in New Zealand using van Manen’s approach to hermeneutic phenomenology. The lived experiences of 17 overseas nurse educators were explored through in-depth interviews, and phenomenological analytical procedures were utilised to bring to light the hidden layers of meaning inherent within these experiences. The study revealed that overseas nurse educators initially experienced a sense of non-belonging in New Zealand, while their separation from their homeland and migration to a new country resulted in a sense of disorientation. They experienced both physical and emotional separation from their loved ones. Integration was the preferred method of adaptation to New Zealand among the study participants. However, they wanted to choose which aspects of the new culture they would adopt and to what extent they would adapt. A lack of preparation and a lack of suitable orientation programmes prolonged the adaptation process of overseas nurse educators. Time was a crucial factor for overseas nurse educators’ adjustment to the New Zealand setting. Adjustment problems were greatest at the start. However, their lives improved over time as they overcame the challenges they faced. Positive relationships had a positive impact on overseas nurse educators’ adaptation to New Zealand. Adjustment was dependent on the quality and quantity of the support received.Item The role of acculturation and acculturation fit in finding full employment and career satisfaction : a study of highly skilled Asian migrants to New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University(Massey University, 2008) Pathirana, Kanchana ErandathiThe process of cultural change and adjustment within the context of skilled migrants finding employment has been an under researched area. A further shortfall in research is that acculturation and 'acculturation fit' theory, and the concept of career satisfaction have been neglected by psychologists in the context of skilled migrants' finding employment. The present research attempted to fill this gap in research by testing a model based on the theory of acculturation and 'acculturation fit' and the concept of career satisfaction during the process of skilled Asian migrants finding full employment (i.e. proximity to full employment) in New Zealand. Proximity to full employment was hypothesised to partially mediate the relationship between psychological acculturation and career satisfaction, and the relationship between 'acculturation fit' and career satisfaction. Significant differences in mean scores of proximity to full employment and career satisfaction amongst acculturation styles were expected. Postal or electronic questionnaires were completed by 153 skilled Asian migrants and 30 experienced recruitment agents and human resource personnel in New Zealand. Measures included the 'Acculturation' measure (adapted from Mace, 2004), 'Rank Order Acculturation Style' measure (adapted from Mace), 'Guttman scale' for measuring proximity to full employment (adapted from Mace; Tharmaseelan, 2005), 'Under-Over employment' measure of employment status at present (adapted from Tharmaseelan), and the 'Overall Career Satisfaction' measure (adapted from Tharmaseelan). Regression analyses showed that employment status at present partially mediated the relationship between adapting to New Zealand culture and career satisfaction without controlling for the influence of age and duration in New Zealand. New Zealand acculturation directly predicted proximity to full employment. Significant differences in mean proximity to full employment and career satisfaction amongst acculturation styles were found before controlling for 'other' variables. No significant relationships were found when 'acculturation fit' was the independent variable. Limitations included the snowballing and networking sampling techniques utilized, which could explain the reason for obtaining a large proportion of employed Asian migrants. Despite limitations, findings indicated the importance of adapting to New Zealand culture and the major role of employment status at present in predicting career satisfaction of skilled Asian migrants in New Zealand.Item Development education and social change : a study of a Christian development action agency : a thesis ... for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Social Sciences at Massey University(Massey University, 1982) Elliott, Michael CowanOver the past twenty-five years the social teaching of both the Roman Catholic Church and the World Council of Churches has produced critiques of the dominant capitalist and socialist theories of development. The teaching focuses on issues of justice and liberation, and on the poor and oppressed peoples of the world who must become the primary beneficiaries of development programmes. In New Zealand the churches, which have a history of ecumenical cooperation, jointly established an agency to pursue development education and action in a manner consistent with this social teaching. The agency was established in the course of a conference which helped participants reflect on an exposure to situations of poverty in Auckland, and it has consistently followed this action-reflection methodology. Its founders committed it to a structural change approach to development rather than to concepts of incremental planned change. The agency (The Ecumenical Secretariat on Development, ESOD) has employed the community organization techniques of Saul Alinsky, complemented by the conscientization methodology developed by Paulo Freire, as tools for the establishment of a socialist society. These techniques, promoted amongst groups working for justice and liberation in New Zealand, provoked a demand for more disciplined analysis, as pieces of local action recognized the need to relate to a global perspective. In response, the agency developed a programme of structural analysis, "Education for Social Change", which is based on learnings from both historicist and structuralist marxist schools. Analysis in turn has revealed the limitations of the community organization approach unless it is linked to fundamental political processes. Commitment to the need for structural change in society, and to the poor and oppressed as agents of change, inevitably brought the agency into conflict not just with the political establishment, but with elements within the churches.Item Narratives of the self : the impact of migration on the health of Latinos living in Wellington, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Science in Psychology at Massey University campus Wellington, New Zealand(Massey University, 2015) Flores-Herrera, Nancy Liliana IvanovaThis research examines how Latinos living in Wellington have made sense of their experiences and negotiated their identity positions during their acculturation process to New Zealand society. It also examines the impact of acculturation on these Latinos, found in their narratives and dialogical positioning. Utilising the qualitative research methods of a dialogical self theory framework to inform a narrative inquiry analysis of recorded interviews, I explore the experiences of migration, social connectedness and health had by ten Latinos living in Wellington New Zealand. This research found that during the process of acculturation to New Zealand society these participants made sense of their experiences of migration, social connectedness and health as part of a process of resilience building; which they felt they achieved through being positive in the face of adversity. During their acculturation process these Latino participants underwent a diverse array of experiences including: a lack of social interaction, a cultural clash between their cultural values and the values of New Zealand society, a lack of social participation and social connectedness, difficulty gaining employment, feeling like they are ‘the other’, and experiencing disparity in the healthcare system. The Latinos participating in this research negotiated their identity positions by adopting multiple identities which enabled them to navigate their world. In conclusion the aforementioned experiences have hindered these Latinos´ process of acculturation as well as their upward mobility in New Zealand society.Item First year here : a study of non-New Zealand-trained registered nurses in their first year of practice in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Anthropology at Massey University(Massey University, 2003) Lee, Megan AmandaThe aim of the research is to explore how non-New Zealand-trained Registered Nurses (RNs) perceive their transition experience, 0-12 months after commencing work in one of Auckland's public hospitals. As there is currently a shortage of RNs not only in New Zealand but worldwide, it is important to ensure New Zealand is a desirable destination for RNs to migrate to. The research illustrated that both non-New Zealand-trained RNs and also New Zealand RNs1 1 New Zealand RNs refers to New Zealand-trained RNs and RNs who have been working in New Zealand longer than 12 months, and are acculturated to Auckland's public hospitals. experience culture shock. The need for cultural competence to occur amongst nursing colleagues and the importance of good support systems in alleviating culture shock was highlighted by the interviews. The disciplines of both anthropology and psychology provide the theoretical base for the research, with particular reference to the constructs of culture and culture shock. The concept of culture shock has been used as a foundation from which to develop insight into the transition experience of the participants. Culture shock has also been utilised to assist in interpreting my observations and also the experiences of non-New Zealand-trained RNs in their first year of practice in public hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand. The body of data was analysed and codes generated from the data using a General Inductive Approach (Thomas, 2000). Critical social science provided the framework for analysing and identifying the factors underlying or contributing to the data resulting from the interviews with participants about their transition experience. Lastly, the findings of the research are discussed and the conclusion sets out the implications of these for both nursing and the transition experience of future non-New Zealand-trained RNs.Item From Chinese gooseberry to kiwifruit : the construction and reconstruction of Chinesehood in Aotearoa/New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology at Massey University(Massey University, 2001) Yuan, Sylvia YangThis thesis presents a Chinese New Zealander's narrative of identity politics. Employing the methodology of self-analysis, the author approaches her own life history reflectively and critically, with a constant focus on the construction and reconstruction of Chinesehood in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Multiplicity and hybridity are the key themes of this work. Through illustrating the depth and width of her cultural heritage, the author challenges the stereotypical images of Chinese created by the Orientalist western gaze. The change and continuity of culture and ethnicity is another recurrent feature throughout the paper. Points of comparison have been given to incorporate the national history of Chinese at home and communal history of Chinese abroad into the personal narrative. The last comment should be made about the use of visual elements and unconventional presentation style. Pictures, photos, and left and centered alignments are used to supplement and support verbal arguments.Item Cultural and linguistic adaptation among Japanese women migrants in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Modern Languages at Massey University(Massey University, 1986) Natusch, Barry AntonyA survey af the cultural and linguistic adaptation of 76 married Japanese women in New Zealand was carried out by means of interviews and language tests. Two basic sub-groups were identified: those who were married to Japanese husbands (INTRA subjects) and those who were interculturally married (INTER subjects). A number of marked differences, in particular those related to age and marriage type, were observed to exist between these INTRA and INTER groups. The INTER subjects appeared to have made a smoother cultural adaptation to life in New Zealand than those in the INTRA group. The INTRA subjects all identified themselves culturally as Japanese as did the more recently arrived INTER subjects. However, some of the INTER group who had lived in New Zealand for many years appeared to have a cultural identity which was neither fully Japanese nor western. The migrants continued to maintain the Japanese language for communicating among themselves although it did not seem to be passed on to the children of the INTER subjects. A considerable shift from Japanese to English was observed among the INTER subjects but was less evident among subjects in the INTRA group. Levels of oral proficiency in English were not particularly high among the subjects, ranging between 0+ and 3+ on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) assessment scale. Most of the INTRA group were assessed between level 0+ and 1+ on the scale whereas the majority of INTER subjects scored between levels 2 and 3+. This difference in oral proficiency was due mainly to influences associated with intercultural marriage. An analysis of the subjects' oral English revealed that the INTRA subjects had higher frequencies of error in their English than the INTER subjects. Many phonological errors appeared to be due to interference from Japanese. An analysis of grammatical errors involving noun morphology, verb morphology and article usage, however, suggested several possible causes of error including interference, oversimplification, the learners' false hypotheses, faulty instruction and idiosyncratic variation. The nature and frequency of these errors resulted in pidginlike characteristics being observed in the subjects' English. Lexical errors and communication strategies employed by the subjects were also described.