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Item A comparison study of Maori and Pakeha emotional reactions to social situations that involve whakamaa(Massey University, 1996) Banks, CliveThe impact that culture has on the experience and expression of emotion is a topic of great debate amongst emotion theorists. The present study investigated the relationship between culture and emotional reactions to social situations that involve whakamaa. More specifically, the study had four goals. The first was to investigate the patterns of Maori and Pakeha emotional reactions to a number of social situations. Second, the relationship between Maoritanga and the strength and/or type of emotional reaction to a number of social situations was investigated. Third, the levels of Maoritanga of rural and urban Maori was compared. Fourth, rural and urban Maori patterns of emotional reactions to a number of social situations were compared. A total of 48 Maori and 63 Pakeha randomly selected from the telephone directory for the East Cape/Gisborne region of New Zealand completed a self report questionnaire. The questionnaire gathered demographic information and required the participants to rate how strongly they would feel 9 specific emotions in reaction to four short stories. Maori participants were also asked to complete a Maoritanga measure. The findings indicated that: Maori and Pakeha participants responded with different patterns of emotion to some types of social situation but not others; urban and rural Maori participants had similar levels of Maoritanga; urban and rural Maori responded similarly to the social situations outlined in the present study; and Maoritanga, as measured, was not related to the strength of emotional reaction to the short stories. However, it was suggested that these conclusions be moderated by the limitations of the study. Future research recommendations and the practical implications of the findings are discussed.Item Being Anglo-Indian : practices and stories from Calcutta : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Anthropology at Massey University(Massey University, 2005) Andrews, RobynThis thesis is an ethnography of Anglo-Indians in Calcutta. All ethnographies are accounts arising out of the experience of a particular kind of encounter between the people being written about and the person doing the writing. This thesis, amongst other things, reflects my changing views of how that experience should be recounted. I begin by outlining briefly who Anglo-Indians are, a topic which in itself alerts one to complexities of trying to get an ethnographic grip on a shifting subject. I then look at some crucial elements that are necessary for an “understanding” of Anglo-Indians in Calcutta: the work that has already been done in relation to Anglo-Indians, the urban context of the lives of my research participants and I discuss the methodological issues that I had to deal with in constructing this account. In the second part of my thesis I explore some crucial elements of the lives of Anglo-Indians in Calcutta: the place of Christianity in their lives, education not just as an aspect of socialisation but as part of their very being and, finally, the public rituals that now give them another way of giving expression to new forms of Anglo-Indian becoming. In all of my work I was driven by a desire to keep close to the experience of the people themselves and I have tried to write a “peopled” ethnography. This ambition is most fully realised in the final part of my thesis where I recount the lives of three key participants.