Massey Documents by Type

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294

Browse

Filters

2013 - 20182

Settings

Subject: search.filters.subject.Eating behaviour

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Investigating eating behaviours as predictors of body composition and dietary intake in New Zealand European, Māori and Pacific women - the women's EXPLORE study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2018) Shepherd, Katrina Jade
    Background/Aim: Internationally, eating behaviour has been linked with an optimal and adverse body composition in women. However no study to date has examined eating behaviour in female New Zealand ethnic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate eating behaviours as predictors of different body composition factors and dietary intake in New Zealand European (NZE), Māori and Pacific women, aged 16-45 years, participating in the women’s EXPLORE study. Methods: Women (N=368) were assessed for basic anthropometry, total adiposity, regional adipose distribution and lean mass using height, weight, circumferences, dual x-ray absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography. Body composition profiles (normal-fat, hidden-fat and apparent-fat) were established using parameters of body mass indices and body fat percentages. The validated Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and New Zealand Women’s Food Frequency Questionnaire were both used to examine eating behaviour and dietary intake, respectively. The TFEQ examined Restraint (Flexible and Rigid), Disinhibition (Habitual, Emotional and Situational) and Hunger (Internal and External). Combinations of behaviour (sub-groups) were established from the main categories and also examined. Results: Restraint was significantly higher in NZE than Pacific women (p = 0.015). Disinhibition was significantly higher in the apparent-fat profile than normal-fat profile (p < 0.001). Likewise, Hunger was significantly higher in Pacific (p < 0.001) and the apparent-fat profile (p = 0.034) than NZE women and women with normal-fat profile, respectively. Adverse tendencies of Habitual Disinhibition, and External Hunger were more prominent in Pacific and the apparent-fat profile than NZE women and normal-fat profile, respectively (all p < 0.05). External Hunger was more prominent in the hidden-fat profile than normal-fat profile (p = 0.001). When accounting for age and ethnicity the most significant predictors of BMI and BF % were Restraint (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005 respectively), Disinhibition (both p < 0.001), Habitual Disinhibition (both p < 0.001) and Emotional Disinhibition (both p < 0.001). Non-ideal behaviour combinations (Low Restraint High Disinhibition and High Hunger High Disinhibition) generally corresponded to significantly higher body composition markers and dietary intake (p < 0.05). Pacific women were three times more likely to have High Hunger High Disinhibition than NZE women (p = 0.004). Low Restraint High Disinhibition and High Hunger High Disinhibition increased by 12% and 11%, respectively from the normal-fat profile to hidden-fat profile (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: The TFEQ eating behaviour categories, sub-categories and sub-groups can significantly vary between ethnicities and body composition groups. Tailored interventions to promote Restraint (particularly Flexible Restraint) and counteract Disinhibition (particularly Habitual Disinhibition and Emotional Disinhibition), Hunger (particularly External Hunger), Low Restraint High Disinhibition and High Hunger High Disinhibition could enhance eating behaviour and dietary intake and help optimise weight management in young New Zealand women.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Starting the conversation about eating and body image : the clinical experiences of young women with type 1 diabetes : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2013) Barry, Raewyn Janice
    A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, in particular the concomitant restrictive eating and insulin regimen and the threat of short- and long-term complications associated with poor metabolic control, may introduce or exacerbate psychosocial or psychological stressors for young people. Moreover, the focus on eating and the increase in body mass index that is often associated with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes may exacerbate eating, weight and body image issues for young women in particular. Whilst weight control measures can be healthy, there are a variety of disturbed eating behaviours that young women may employ for this purpose. These behaviours range from those that may be relatively benign through to more risky behaviours, including the practise of manipulating or omitting insulin for weight loss, which can jeopardise optimal health outcomes. To understand the milieu in which eating, weight and body image issues develop as well as talking about them in a clinical setting, this qualitative study aimed to explore the both lived and clinical experience of young women with type 1 diabetes. The participants in this research were 12 young women with type 1 diabetes attending diabetes services and 5 health professionals working with this group. The stories of both groups were explored thematically and analysed using a narrative methodology on two levels, namely the personal story and the public narrative. Firstly, the analysis demonstrated the variations and contradictions within the lived experience stories of the young women and the areas of congruence and discordance between the clinical experience stories of the young women and the health professionals. Secondly, the socially available narratives that shaped the stories were explicated. The analysis showed that there is often a paradigm clash between the biomedical goal of stable metabolic control and living a “normal” life. Whilst the health professionals described their collaborative approach, some of the young women perceived that their clinical interactions were dominated by biomedical goals. These perceptions threatened the functionality of the clinical relationships. This suggests that health professionals should seek to minimise and manage the discordance that young people may experience between living a “normal” life and living with diabetes. Exploring the lived experience of diabetes, the young women experienced a range of eating, weight and body image issues, and 2 young women had engaged in insulin omission, culminating in serious health complications. The clinical experience stories indicated that, if weight was talked about at all clinically, it tended to be in medical terms, and weight gain was not always discussed if it fell within medically acceptable parameters. Moreover, health professionals were reluctant to ask about disturbed eating behaviours unless they had cause to suspect them. These findings suggest that there are two possible areas of intervention. Firstly, talking about weight and body dissatisfaction may help identify risk factors that foster the development of disturbed eating behaviours. Secondly, screening for disturbed eating behaviours may help identify them before they become entrenched.