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    Remembering and belonging : colonial settlers in New Zealand museums : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Anthropology at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2007) Wirick, Esther Lucia
    This study approaches museums as socially constructed signifiers of group identities. Focusing specifically on museological representations of colonial settlers at museums and historical sites in New Zealand, I analyse how this group is constructed in terms of its association with colonialism, empire, and other historical and contemporary groups in New Zealand. In my results chapters, Pride and Shame and Parts of a Whole, I investigate different ways in which colonial settlers are represented in terms of their relationship to Empire, the nation, and other groups within New Zealand. Representations which position settlers within colonial discourses and portray them as heroic pioneers work to justify their presence in New Zealand on the basis that they earned their place through suffering and hard work. This assertion of place and belonging is then questioned by representations which situate colonial settlers within post-colonial discourses that highly criticise the actions of settlers and the institution of colonialism. Representations of colonial settlers can also construct them as related to a cultural group, usually referred to as 'Pakeha', and part of New Zealand's bicultural and multicultural identities. I examine how biculturalism is represented in different ways and use the concepts of separate biculturalism and blended biculturalism to explore these differences. These different political identities reflect a strong sense of ambiguity and ambivalence over New Zealand's political identity, and emphasise how stories from the past can be used in different ways to justify different perspectives of contemporary social and political relationships.
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    Coloniser discourses in Capital Television nightly news, Waitangi Day 1996 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1996) Collett, Jenny Alison
    Coloniser's discourses which attempted to justify and redeem many of the devastating processes of colonisation around the world have been (re)constructed and repeated in Aotearoa since the 1840's. They include notions of 'progress', 'civilisation', 'social evolution', and the categorisation of bodies into 'races' and 'genders'. These discourses have shaped many of the identities of people living in Aotearoa as well as the political, economic and social developmental path of this country. In 1996 I argue many of these coloniser discourses are repeated and reinforced through the television current affairs and news coverage of Waitangi Day 1996. This being so I argue that imagery is a vital area for academic study because it is through images that we present ourselves to ourselves. Following Clifford and Foucault I approach the 1996 Waitangi Day television news coverage as (re)presentations and constructions of 'truth'. I argue these 'truths' always involve a (re)production of certain political, economic and social discourses at the expense of others. I use theorists such as Irwin, Evans, Dyer and hooks to explore and explain the ways in which different discourses and experiences, some of which may be called anti-colonial, are marginalised by coloniser discourses and journalistic conventions. Using a post structuralist discourse analysis I identify how discourses of 'race' and 'gender' are deployed in Wellington's Capital Television nightly news coverage on 1996 Waitangi Day. In this programme, which claims to present an unmediated 'truth' surrounding the events of 1996 Waitangi Day, I argue that certain voices and experiences are given legitimacy while others are silenced and marginalised. I conclude that generally it is European/New Zealand and male voices which are heard at the expense of Māori and women. I argue that those who do wish to highlight the legacy of colonial ideas in the television media, through legitimate protest, for example Māori sovereignty groups and Pākehā supporters, are marginalised as 'protesters' and 'stirrers' disconnected from their communities and from 'real New Zealanders' on this particular day.
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    Augustus Hamilton : appropriation, ownership and authority : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Museum Studies at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1998) Pishief, Elizabeth
    Augustus Hamilton (1853 - 1913) was a scientist and ethnologist whose appointment to the position of Director of the Colonial Museum in 1903 was politically motivated. This thesis examines the interrelationship between the appropriation of taonga Maori, the concept of ownership and the assumption of the authority to manage Maori heritage within the colonial context. The life of Augustus Hamilton provides a case study to explore the themes of colonial appropriation and national identity. The study also provides essential background for a number of important contemporary issues. The purpose of the thesis is to connect four episodes in Hamilton's life to demonstrate a consistent development in his interest in the preservation of Maori heritage within the colonial context. The philosophical and academic movements in the nineteenth century which contributed to Hamilton's intellectual and professional development are discussed before exploring the early years of his career in Hawke's Bay when he established his reputation as a collector, gained his museum skills and built up a network of people interested in science and ethnology. Then the role he played in pressing for legislation to control the export of Maori art and its corollary the establishment of a national Maori museum is examined before demonstrating how his expertise and contacts enabled him assist the Government in the establishment of a politically motivated collection of Maori ethnology and the impact his philosophy has had on New Zealanders' perception of Maori culture until the present time. Finally I wish to thank my four children Justin, Kate, Alexander and Evelyn and my parents for their support and understanding over the years while I have endeavoured to complete this thesis.
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    Stereotype attitudes of selection interviewers and the implications for Maori of current selection interview practice in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1996) McKenzie, Sean
    The interview is the most widely used tool by selection practitioners and is also one of the most hotly debated in terms of its reliability and validity. In New Zealand Maori occupy a disadvantaged position in the labour market. As such the interview may act in a gatekeeping manner denying Maori full and equal participation in the labour market. The present study was conducted as two distinct phases of research. Firstly, the pattern of stereotype attitudes of selection interviewers towards the five largest ethnic groups in New Zealand (Maori, Pacific Island group, Chinese, NZ European/Pakeha and British/UK group) was investigated. Secondly, the current interview techniques and practice of people involved in conducting employment interviews in New Zealand were examined. The mail-in ethnic attitude questionnaire was completed by 107 employment interview practitioners. The attitudes towards the five ethnic groups were measured using an attitude scale consisting of 12 semantic differential dimensions. An overall differential pattern of attitude stereotyping was revealed for the five groups. The second phase involved 26 participants who were involved in an interview conducted by the researcher to ascertain their interviewing practice, knowledge about interview research and EEO considerations regarding the employment interview. The responses gained from the participants indicate that the common technique utilised is the unstructured interview with questions developed on an ad hoc basis. There was also a considerable lack of formal interview training and most participants reported a lack of familiarity with published research. EEO initiatives were uncoordinated and participants generally reported a lack of direction regarding the implications of EEO policies. The results indicate the opportunity for current selection practice to act as a barrier to full and equal Maori participation in the labour market. Additionally the current approach to EEO Maori is inadequate to deal with the additional status of Maori as tangata whenua of Aotearoa/New Zealand.
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    The Maori perspective of the news : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Business Studies in Communication Management at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1996) TeAwa, Joanna Ngani
    The Maori perspective of the news has been identified by Fox (1998, 1992, 1993) and Walker (1994), but the dynamics of the presentation and construction of the Maori perspective of the news had not been well defined. This research attempted to define and distinguish the differences between the news produced by Mana News from the news produced by mainstream organisations. In particular the selection of what issues and events became news and how they became news was examined, as well as a study of the end product heard by the listeners. Two methodologies were employed; participant observation and content analysis. Participant observation explored the decision-making process in the manufacture of news. This methodology gives the research an "insider" nature. The participant observation identified the news values used in the selection of news and contrasted these values applied in Mana News to those identified by Galtung and Ruge (1965) and Masterton (1994). The inter-play between the journalists and sources was also explored. Content analysis methodology complements the participant observation methodology. Essentially content analysis is a research that focuses on the finished product, and examines what is published or broadcasted after the complex inter-play of relationships between the source and journalist which influences news creation. The content analysis examined numerous theories that may help identify the difference in the construction and presentation between the Maori perspective and the traditional mainstream perspective of the news. Journalism development identified by Loo (1994) was explored, as was the dialectical story model, the tone and nature of the stories and the diversity of sources. Overall the results identified some fundamental differences in the application of news values, the utilisation of sources, the types of sources used, and the nature and tone of stories. The findings also have revealed a journalistic genre that appears to be a more appropriate way of categorising the writing style used in Mana News, as opposed to the traditional 'hard' and 'soft' news categories which characterises conventional journalistic writing. The research moved beyond saying that there is a difference between Mana News and mainstream news media and identified how it is different. Finally, considering this defined difference in perspectives, the socio-political and legislative implications and the commitment broadcasters have to race relations was explored. Change to New Zealand broadcasting policy and legislation was recommended.