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    Development of a real-time operator training simulator for falling film evaporators : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Engineering and Automation at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1999) Goodwin, Shane
    The Chinese say, "Experience is the only teacher", while an old Western proverb is "Practice makes perfect". In either form, the notion is identical - the more often a task is performed, or a problem confronted, the better it is handled. In the arena of process control involving human operators, the effects of a mistake can be extremely costly to the company. One way to reduce the frequency and severity of mistakes by an operator is to provide training, ideally on a simulation of the process rather than the process itself. This allows the operator to make mistakes and hopefully learn from them, without the company having to lose revenue, lower efficiency, or produce waste product. An operator normally controls a process by changing the settings in a piece of software, which in turn affects the operation of the plant. However, that control software is operating on a machine which is also perfect for modelling and calculating the responses of the process in question. Software to control a process is readily available in a multitude of incarnations and so are packages designed to create models of a process. Used in conjunction, a model-based simulator can be created in order to train operators.
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    Surface modifications to increase dairy production run length : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Chemical Engineering at Massey University, [Manawatū], New Zealand.
    (Massey University, 2013) Runwal, Siddharth
    Fouling is the build-up of undesired deposits on surfaces. In the dairy industry, fouling is mainly seen in heat exchangers where dairy fluid is heated or concentrated. It is one of the primary reasons for restricted run length, causing financial losses from downtime, the use of cleaning chemicals and reduced product quality. Fouling is a complex process and is due to number of factors including the properties of the heat transfer surface. A silica based coating is known to alter the surface properties. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a silica based coating on fouling by whole milk in a falling film evaporator. Seven independent trials were conducted. In each trial, a control run was carried out followed by a full cleaning of the equipment and then either another control run or a coating run with pasteurized milk from the same batch. There was a six hour interval between the start of the control run and start of the coating run. Since prolonged milk storage may have some effect on fouling rate, control-control runs were carried out to see the effect of prolonged storage. The results obtained from control-control runs were used in analysing the effect of the coating on fouling rate. All coating trials showed consistently lower fouling rate as compared with corresponding control trials. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.83 showed a strong effect of coating on the fouling rate. Further, a regression analysis gave a p-value of 0.033, indicating that, at the 96.7% level of confidence, coating reduced the fouling rate. The extent of reduction in fouling rate varied from trial to trial. It was estimated that the coating had the potential to increase the run length by a maximum of 34% under the conditions these experiments were carried out.