Massey Documents by Type
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294
Browse
13 results
Search Results
Item Troubling political discourses of terrorism : responding to the call of the other : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, Aotearoa/New Zealand(Massey University, 2010) Rangiwananga, MelissaAs a story of a complex interplay of hegemonic power relations that play out as relationships of violence on contested boundaries, the dominant narrative of terrorism may be understood as a discursive site of tension between sameness and difference in the production of a 'unified' political identity. Contingent on a binary relationship between 'self' and 'other', terrorism functions as a particular form of Orientalism (Said, 1978) that produces Western knowledges as the authority over meaning and excludes possibilities for ethical responses (Spivak, 2004). This thesis draws on Laclau and Mouffe's (1985) theory of the political production of discourse and subjectivity to question the conditions of possibility that enable the production of terrorism in discourse. Through an understanding of discourse as socially contingent systems of meaning, the analysis explored how social relationships were constructed in political text, and how, through these hegemonic constructions, it became possible to exclude some from the authority to articulate their experiences and understanding of social relations. Revealing the contingency of relation among multiple discourse, terrorism became necessary to the discursive field that constitutes nationalism through an ongoing antagonism between governance and sovereignty that enabled a rejection of the call of the 'other'. To enable an ethical response and open possibilities for authentic encounters with the 'other', this thesis argues into a space where new meanings and possibilities for social relations are enabled through the generation of 'new' discourses that attend to the spaces between our relational boundaries.Item Diverging paths : an examination of the Stout-Ngata recommendations and subsequent legislation : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Masters of Arts at Massey University(Massey University, 1996) Tuuta, DionIn 1907 the Commission on Native Land and Native Land Tenure was created in order to examine the state of Maori owned lands throughout the North Island of New Zealand. The Commission was headed by the Chief Justice, Sir Robert Stout, and Apirana Ngata, and became known as the Stout-Ngata Commission. The Stout-Ngata Commission of 1907-1909 ascertained how much "surplus" Maori land existed throughout the North Island during this time and the best ways to utilise and settle the land in the interests of the Maori owners and the public good. The Commission toured the country interviewing hundreds of Maori owners and relayed their wishes to the government in a series of forty-two reports. The Commission offered the government advice on matters affecting Maori land legislation. The purpose of this thesis is to ascertain the influence of the Stout-Ngata Commission on subsequent Maori land legislation and to highlight the impetus behind the legislation of the time. This will be done by examining the activities of Stout and Ngata throughout the North Island and the recommendations they made to Parliament in regard to the management and development of Maori land. The thesis will then examine three major pieces of Maori land legislation that came in the wake of the Stout-Ngata Commission. A key question is how successful were the recommendations of the Stout-Ngata Commission in influencing this legislation. Responses to the Commission throughout New Zealand were many and varied. In general, European politicians envisioned the Commission's recommendations as an avenue for the opening up of "surplus" Maori lands for European settlement. In general, the Maori members of Parliament were hopeful that the Commission would offer Maori a greater chance to farm and develop their remaining lands. Problems arose with the interpretation of the Commission's reports by government and the eventual translation of the recommendations into legislation. The government, overwhelmingly Pakeha in membership and outlook, pursued an official policy of assimilation. 1. J. Metge, The Maoris of New Zealand. [1967], (London, 1976), p.303. Ideas of European superiority influenced the way Pakeha politicians approached the Commission's recommendations and the framing of Maori land legislation. This created a noticeable gap between the recommendations of the Commission and the legislation subsequently passed.Item Political and ethnic representation in Chinese local governance : analysis of the roles of the deputies of Leishan County People's Congress, Guizhou Province, China : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies, Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand(Massey University, 2016) Zheng, YuanhengThis thesis investigates the political and ethnic environment of local Chinese political actors and their representational dilemmas in the Miao-dominant area of Leishan County, Guizhou Province, China. The investigation is conducted via two research questions: how do the deputies of a Miao County People‘s Congress in China play their roles in representing the interests of the state towards the community, and how do they represent the interests of the community towards the state? The achievements of the deputies and the challenges they face in their dual representational roles are a focus of the analysis. The thesis provides insight into the governance and politics of a local government body dominated by an ethnic minority and the interplay of these dynamics with central government authorities presided over by Han Chinese. The representative structure of the Leishan County People‘s Congress (LCPC) and its deputy membership is explored to understand how the deputies enact their roles in promoting, intervening in and restructuring development projects as both agents of and remonstrators to the central state. Case studies of village governance and cultural tourism are used to illustrate how the LCPC deputies are both coordinators and negotiators in a polycentric local governance structure. The fieldwork was carried out in the ethnic area of Leishan County. Relevant data was collected through four interrelated research methods: focus groups, semi-structured individual interviews, purposive observation and document analysis. The quantification of pairwise ranking by the focus groups highlighted the achievements and challenges in the key functions required of the deputies. The data also led to two further areas for in-depth analysis: central local relations, and the political and ethnic representation of the deputies. The research found that when conflicts exist, political representation that favours the state prevails over community interests. At the same time, the deputies‘ representation of their ethnic communities is enhanced and augmented when they undertake to localise the national development policies and projects handed down by central authorities. Finally, the concept of polycentric governance enables a more precise understanding of the changing local governance systems in China among the diverse stakeholders present in the ethnic communities.Item Planning to develop land returned under Treaty settlement in Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand : an institutional ethnography : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health at Massey University, SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, Aotearoa New Zealand(Massey University, 2017) Livesey, Brigid Te Ao McCallumThis research investigates planning to develop land returned as settlement for breaches of Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi). Using institutional ethnography methodology, I explore a case study of the relationship between an iwi authority, Te Whakakitenga o Waikato, and a local authority, Hamilton City Council. In 1995, significant areas of land were returned to Waikato-Tainui through Treaty settlement. This research focuses on processes to develop planning regulation for land owned by Waikato-Tainui at Te Rapa, site of ‘The Base’ retail development and Te Awa shopping mall, and Ruakura where an inland port and associated activities are proposed. Iwi planning documents describe a vision to develop land returned under Treaty settlement. Commercial property development to regain ‘economic sovereignty’ is a critical element in the ‘integrated development agenda’ for Waikato-Tainui. However, critical discourse analysis and intertextual analysis illustrate that this vision is not well-reflected in local government planning documents. Relations between Hamilton City Council and Waikato-Tainui have changed from generally adversarial in 2009 during planning processes to restrict development at Te Rapa through Variation 21, to more collaborative during planning processes to approve the Ruakura Plan Change in 2014. Complementing data from interviewing practitioners with analysis of texts created through these planning processes, I consider control, timing, and trust as key factors in this changing relationship. This research provides evidence for dual planning traditions in Aotearoa New Zealand. Communal ownership of land and inalienability are characteristics of land returned under Treaty settlement which have influenced development decisions made by Waikato-Tainui. Planners and the planning profession can ‘transform’ planning practices to create new relationships between local government and iwi authorities. Interviews suggest that crosscultural planning can be a challenging and emotional experience. Iwi planning documents articulate a vision for future relationships based on mana whakahaere (affirming Māori authority) and mātauranga Māori (valuing Māori knowledge). In response, I highlight the need for changes to the New Zealand Planning Institute Code of Ethics to support planners working to decolonise planning. I conclude by ‘mapping’ the institution of planning for Treaty settlement land, and identifying levers which planners can use to support Māori goals for land development and economic self-determination.Item Beyond the corners of our whare : a conceptual Māori response to state surveillance in Aotearoa New Zealand : an exegesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Creative Arts(Massey University, 2015) Te Tau, TerriThis exegesis is a response to surveillance undertaken during ‘Operation 8,’ an anti-terror investigation carried out by the New Zealand Police in 2007. As an artist within the community subjected to the surveillance action, I was motivated to explore how an interdisciplinary arts practice, informed by Māori concepts and cosmo-genealogy, might respond to state surveillance. Power relations and surveillance are examined by juxtaposing a Māori world-view against state sanctioned surveillance of its citizens. A creative practice-based inquiry was utilised to explore intersections and differences between these two perspectives. The creative components of this research project comprise a science fiction literary component, sculpture, installation and video. The project is informed by art and literature that positions the research within the local but contextualised against global developments in surveillance. Māori concepts of mana, tapu, mauri, whanaungatanga and mana motuhake with a primary focus on hau provide a foundation for this research guided by the whakataukī (proverb): ‘He kokonga whare e kitea, he kokonga ngākau e kore e kitea.’ The corners of a house can be seen, the corners of the heart cannot be seen. When viewed within the context of surveillance the whakataukī asks how we are affected when the intimate private lives of individuals and community – the corners of the house - are visible to those with whom we have no direct relationship. The second aspect of the whakataukī refers to those attributes that are unseen. The qualities that surveillance technology cannot quantify; internal feelings and intentions. The heart as a hidden space is explored in this exegesis as a site of resistance, where the capacity of surveillance technique to interpret values of an individual and community are questioned.Item The quest for responsiveness : Maori policy advisers and the state : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Massey University(Massey University, 1992) Gembitsky, BrendanThis thesis examines the relationship between Maori and the state. In the last quarter of a century, Maori have sought to recover their economic resources and revive their political structures. Gaining access to both the resources and the power of the state have been increasingly seen as important ways in which Maori can do this. This thesis has focused in particular, on Maori policy advisers within the state sector. Through a set of semi-structured interviews Maori policy advisers' views of the state, their role within it and their practices have been explored. The Maori advisers participating in this study maintained a strong relationship to Maori groups outside of the state and a commitment to kaupapa Maori. The tensions this raised and the practices that were used to address those are a central part of this thesis.Item Heretaunga haukū nui : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Māori Studies) at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2015) Paku, PōhatuRelationships with the environment for Ngati Hawea sit at the core of everyday living. Everything is connected. The essence of this philosophy arises from whakapapa, mauri, mana and tikanga. Practices based on an understanding of the environment have supported Ngati Hawea in maintaining and sustaining whanau and communities for many centuries. At present, key natural and physical resource management legislation define obligations and relationships when working with Maori in this space. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the Local Government Act 2002 and the Resource Management Act 1991 requires engagement and capacity for Maori to contribute to the decision-making processes of any local authority in its operations. This project aims to contribute to the bigger picture around engagement with Maori, and furthermore Maori-Council relationships. This project seeks how effective engagement brings with it not only opportunities for Maori, hapu and local government players, but also the different meanings and expectations that stakeholders bring to inclusive practices and the implications for policy engagement. This study is interested in the processes by which Maori and the Hawkes Bay Regional Council engage with each other, and examines the ways in which natural resource management operations recognize and facilitate hapu values, interests and aspirations under statute. A Kaupapa Maori approach provided a vital lens as a methodological direction drawing upon the synergies and critical qualitative methodologies in relation to creating culturally appropriate research. I was able to explore the mechanisms of engagement and factors affecting the recognition and facilitation of hapu values, rights, and interests aspirations in natural resource management operations in Te matau a Maui tikitiki-a-Taranga. Responces shared by participants in this study highlighted that the mechanisms the Hawkes Bay Regional Council use to engage with Maori need to be reviewed and enhanced as there are issues related to the recognition and integration of hapu values, rights, interests and aspirations in local government resource management operations. This Thesis offers recommendations to the Hawkes Bay Regional Council, Ngati Kahungunu Iwi Incoporated and Mana Whenua around the importance is recognising philosophical ideologies around the ancestral relationship Maori have with the environment, which are key to asserting hapu values, interests and aspirations over whenua and water. Furthermore, it offers recommendations around effective and meaningful engagement with Maori, and the recognition and facilitation of hapu values, rights, interests and aspirations in natural resource management operations in Te Matau a Maui tikitiki-a-Taranga, Hawkes Bay.Item Mana, whānau and full and final settlement : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Māori Studies at Massey University(Massey University, 1999) Ratima, Matiu TaiA study is presented which describes and critiques the process of the settlement of Māori claims with respect to Crown acts or omissions which breech the principles of the Treaty of Waiting. Attention has been focused on the rights of whānau and hapū within the process of direct negotiation, and an unsuccessful attempt by the Whakatōhea iwi of the Eastern Bay of Plenty to negotiate a settlement of their claims has been considered as a case study of direct negotiation. The views of seven participants involved in Whakatōhea's negotiations have been used to gain insight into the process and to help identify some key obstacles to Treaty settlement. Finally, the positions adopted by the Crown and various Māori groups, with regard to the obstacles identified, are discussed and some suggestions have been made which might provide a focus for future discussion on the subject of direct negotiation.Item Fact or fiction? : William Colenso's authentic & genuine history of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2011) Ward, JudithWilliam Colenso’s eye-witness account of the debate and signing of the Treaty at Waitangi on 5 and 6 February 1840 is part of a body of work which informs our understanding of the Treaty as the basis of our nationhood and the source of autonomous Maori rights. His record of the speeches of Nene and Patuone was pivotal in the Court of Appeal’s judgment in the State-Owned Enterprises case and informed the decision-making of the Waitangi Tribunal in the Muriwhenua Land Claim. Colenso’s history was also a pervasive influence on T. Lindsay Buick’s history on the Treaty and Ruth Ross’s work on the texts and translations. Despite the reliance on this 1890 text, historians have not tested Colenso’s claims to authenticity and objectivity. This thesis compares William Colenso’s manuscript, which was purchased at Peter Webb Galleries in Auckland in 1981, against his Authentic and Genuine History of the Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, which was published by the government in 1890 to coincide with the 50th jubilee of the signing of the Treaty at Waitangi. It also explores the similarities and discrepancies between the two and whether it is possible to corroborate Colenso’s narrative from the accounts of other European eye-witnesses. The thesis concludes that Colenso’s manuscript is an ‘authentic’ eye-witness account that was written in 1840 and suggests it was principally intended to reiterate the allegations he had made in a letter to the CMS on 11 February 1840 in which he had referred to Henry Williams’ land purchases and suggested that the missionary had had a conflict of interest when he encouraged Maori to sign the Treaty. The thesis also concludes that Colenso’s manuscript was written with a purpose, that both texts were influenced by his personal views and biases and that the footnotes added by him in 1890 may have been inserted in order to garner favour with Canon Samuel Williams, the third son of Henry Williams, and obtain a seat on the Anglican Synod.Item Joint management agreement between Taupō District Council and Ngāti Tūwharetoa : a summary of lessons for local government : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Resource and Environmental Planning at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand(Massey University, 2011) Hancock, SonjaThe first Joint Management Agreement created under s36B of the Resource Management Act 1991 was signed on 17 January 2009. The parties involved were Taupō District Council and Ngāti Tūwharetoa. The JMA provides for publicly notified resource consents and plan changes applying to multiply owned Māori land to be decided upon by a panel of decision makers chosen equally by Council and Ngāti Tūwharetoa. It is the first example of an iwi authority having an equal share of decision-making power within statutory resource management decision making in New Zealand. This research considers the Joint Management Agreement within the context of other agreements between councils and iwi authorities in New Zealand, and government and indigenous bodies internationally. In addition, the research comments on the progression of Māori involvement in the statutory resource management framework in New Zealand, with a particular focus on the implications of recent Te Tiriti o Waitangi settlements. Findings of the research include that Ngāti Tūwharetoa’s position and ability to enter into a Joint Management Agreement is in part the result of their dominant land owner status in the Taupō District, with these land holdings being relatively unchanged by colonialist land takes. The over-arching lesson of the agreement is that each council must look at its own specific situation with iwi in its district, and look at all tools available in order to improve those relationships. S36B of the RMA 1991 was a tool that had not been used before but proved to be an efficient and effective one in this case.