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    The production and consumption of history : a discourse on heritage and nostalgia in the 1990s : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1998) Brown, Annette Margaret
    The dialectic of history as an ideology and history as a commodity can underpin a discourse on the production and consumption of history as heritage and nostalgia in the 1990s. History as an ideology is erased from the dominant space of representation, by history as a commodiy; therefore, history as an ideology needs to be discussed separately from history as a commodity even though they are not independent categories; this is because they are mutually constitutive of each other. The processes and structures that underwrite this dialectic, Capitalism and Modernity, produce different outcomes in different places and at different times; outcomes such as the cabinets of curiosity during early modernity, modernist and postmodernist museums, heritage sites such as country houses, a shopping mall and a disneyfied theme park arranged around a historic locale and the gentrification of some parts of the inner City of London. These objects of history are produced, reproduced and consumed by social actors in different places and at different times. The production and consumption of history as an object does not explain why these particular outcomes exist in the places and the times that they do. These outcomes need to be explained, and can be explained, by using a dialectical methodology. Such an explanation would look at the underlying processes and structures of Capitalism and modernity.
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    Heritage management : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Resource and Environmental Planning at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2000) Ensor, Gwynith Susan
    The recent Government reviews of heritage management in New Zealand have highlighted a number of problems that are contributing to a continued loss of our heritage resource. These problems include: inadequate central government leadership and local government administration; conflict of commercial and community interests; inadequate funding; and physical deterioration of heritage places as a consequence of poor knowledge and management practices. Although policies in various government agencies are designed to address these issues, the results demonstrate that policies have largely failed in their implementation. In response to these problems, this dissertation investigates and develops a new approach for heritage management drawing on the asset management plan and proposes a series of principles to adapt the plan to improve heritage management. A literature review of heritage management identifies the causes of heritage place loss, and reviews current approaches to heritage management. This is followed by an appraisal of asset management as a potential framework for heritage management. The asset management plan is compared with heritage management objectives to determine whether the plan can be successfully adapted. Three heritage asset management plans are investigated to reveal issues specific to heritage place management. These issues are analysed in conjunction with the plan methodology set out in the New Zealand Infrastructure Asset Management Manual to guide the development of a series of heritage principles. The principles are reviewed by five experts to evaluate their feasibility for underpinning heritage asset management plans. It is shown that a new approach to heritage management needs to be adopted to protect heritage places. Many agencies currently implement asset management plans and have the ability to apply the methodology to heritage management. Some agencies have already begun to adapt the asset management plan for heritage. If heritage asset management plans are to address current heritage issues adequately, they need to incorporate sustainable management objectives, full lifecycle management and long-term strategies to secure resources. The principles proposed in this dissertation are designed to promote a comprehensive and consistent approach to the preparation of heritage asset management plans. If widely implemented as a management tool by central and local government agencies, the heritage asset management plan could provide the basis of an integrated, structured and long-term process for heritage management in New Zealand.
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    He mahi whakamanakore : Destruction of indigenous heritage sites at Otuparae : a case study of the Otuparae headland development : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Resource and Environmental Planning, Massey University, Manawatu
    (Massey University, 2011) Simon, Hemopereki Hoani
    This thesis examines indigenous cultural heritage site destruction in Aotearoa, New Zealand. In particular, it examines what took place within a planning system to approve the destruction of the heritage site at Otuparae, near Taupo. This thesis seeks to identify what contributed to the decision to grant approval to developers without consultation with the local hapu, Ngati Rauhoto. The research is framed in a form of Kaupapa Maori Research (KMR) called whakawhanaungatanga. Analysis of critical ethnography, key actor interviews, participant observation, field notes in research journals, videos, and documents took place to gather data. A review of the colonial history of Ngati Tuwharetoa revealed that over time the Crown usurped the mana, power and sovereignty of Tuwharetoa. In doing so, the Crown left Tuwharetoa politically, socially, economically and culturally weak, forcing Tuwharetoa to enter into Crown-controlled and created legal and political frameworks. Additionally, the Crown instituted a governance model based on colonial thinking. This thesis contributes to the body of knowledge about the need to incorporate different worldviews into planning to achieve sustainable development. It does so by examining how the heritage protection frameworks, in particular the Historic Places Act 1993, the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) and the associated Crown agencies failed to meet their obligations, by neglecting to consult with the correct group and to meet their needs in terms of heritage protection. It then moves to provide a development framework for Ngati Tuwharetoa to better contribute to decision-making processes in the future based on the needs of hapu.