Massey Documents by Type
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294
Browse
2 results
Search Results
Item Exploring the fat mass and fat free mass of term and moderate to late preterm infants : an observational study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2015) Van Dorp, Louise MaryBackground: Moderate to late preterm infants (32-36+6 weeks’ gestation) make up 83% of preterm births in New Zealand. Preterm birth is associated with having a higher risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. Preterm infants demonstrate postnatal growth restriction followed by a period of accelerated growth. When compared to term infants at equivalent ages, preterm infants have been found to have a higher % fat mass. Nutrition is a modifiable factor contributing to the growth of preterm infants. While the goal is for these infants to be breast-fed, this is often not possible in early postnatal life due to delayed maternal milk supply and immaturity of the infant. Evidence is limited for the optimal feeding strategy for these infants until full breast-feeds can be established and there is great variability in practice. Aims: To measure the % fat mass and fat free mass of moderate to late preterm infants and term infants after birth at Auckland City Hospital; to explore the relationship between feeding strategies currently used within Auckland City Hospital and the acquisition of fat and fat free mass in moderate to late preterm infants after birth. Methods: Moderate to late preterm infants and term infants were recruited from Auckland City Hospital. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) was used to measure the fat mass and fat free mass of the infants. Preterm infants were measured once they were medically stable and term infants were measured within 72 hr of birth. Eleven preterm infants were measured a second time prior to discharge from hospital. Information regarding what the preterm infants were fed within the first five days after birth was collected from their medical notes and the infants were prospectively grouped according to which feeding strategy they predominantly received, either: breast-milk, infant formula, 10% dextrose, or parenteral nutrition. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests, Pearson’s Chi square tests, Mann-Whitney tests, paired sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Forty seven preterm moderate to late preterm infants and sixty nine term infants were recruited. Term infants had a mean ± SD % FM of 10.9 ± 4.2%, when broken down by sex males had 9.4 ± 3.5% and females had 12.2 ± 4.8% (P = 0.018). Preterm infants measured within the first week of birth (n = 25) had a mean ± SD % FM of 8.7 ± 4.4% and those measured within the second week of birth (n = 19) had a mean ± SD % FM of 8.1 ± 2.9% (P = 0.6). Twenty two preterm infants were measured at ≥ 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age and had a mean ± SD % FM of 10.9 ± 5.0%, which did not differ from the % FM of term infants measured after birth (P = 0.98). Eleven preterm infants were measured twice during their hospital admission and their mean ± SD % FM increased from 8.5 ± 3.5% to 15.0 ± 4.2% (P <0.001). The median [25th-75th quartiles] % increase in FM for infants with two measurements was 98.9 [70.1, 114.9] %. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in FFM (P = 0.004), weight (P = 0.013), and length (P = 0.036) between the feeding groups. Post hoc analysis showed that infants in the parenteral nutrition group had significantly less FFM than infants in the formula group (P = 0.008) and were lighter and shorter than the breast-milk group (P = 0.013, P = 0.036). Conclusions: Moderate to late preterm infants experience a rapid increase in FM during hospital admission and reach the % FM of a term infant before term corrected age. Moderate to late preterm infants in the parenteral nutrition group were the lightest, shortest and had the least FFM. This study also highlights considerations to be made for future research using ADP in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit at Auckland City Hospital.Item The effect of a nutrition and health education programme on the dietary choices and body composition measures in 10-12 year old New Zealand children : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Nutritional Science at Massey University(Massey University, 2004) Denton, ChristinaChildhood dietary patterns are formed at a young age and influenced by a number of factors including the media, family members and school environment. With the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity it is therefore important to educate children on appropriate dietary and lifestyle behaviours. This research aimed to investigate: (1) the effects of a 12-week nutrition and health education programme on the dietary intakes of children aged 10-12 years; and (2) the effects of the education programme on children's body composition measures including height, weight and body mass index values. Two New Zealand intermediate schools were chosen for the study and consisted two hundred and forty four children (aged 10-12 years) in the intervention school and one hundred and six children in the control school. At baseline and at 3 months, dietary intake and body composition was assessed in the children. The intervention school also received a 12-week health and nutrition education programme taught by class teachers and consisting of nine different modules looking at healthy lifestyle and nutrition behaviours. Dietary intakes were measured by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that collected information on the daily frequency of foods consumed within the last 4 weeks. Height and weight measurements were collected and this allowed body mass index (BMI) values to be calculated. The food frequency questionnaire has been previously validated against twenty four hour dietary records and the New Zealand Food Composition Database 2000 (NZFCD). There were no significant differences between the two groups for body composition values. Both groups displayed some significant differences (p≤0.05) among dietary intake between baseline and follow-up with changes in median number of servings per day. A larger number of changes were seen among intervention subjects and may have been attributed to the school education intervention programme however no definite conclusions can be made. Other influences such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status and other lifestyle factors may have affected results but these were not investigated. Although results were inconclusive, significant findings from the study are encouraging for future studies. Limitations and future recommendations are provided.