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    Dairy trade between New Zealand and the Republic of Korea, with special reference to casein : thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Master of Business Studies at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1991) Nixon, Christopher Gerard
    The purposes of this thesis were firstly, to identify and describe Korean non-tariff and tariff barriers for casein and other dairy products and secondly, to quantify how much New Zealand could gain from a liberalisation of the Korean casein trade. To do this a one-product five-nation quadratic programming model was formulated. How Korea has become a major trading power through industrialisation, while heavily protecting agriculture is described. Measures of protection, the pressure to liberalise and the Japanese liberalisation experience are discussed. Casein was chosen because it is the single biggest dairy commodity exported to Korea from New Zealand. The model consists of demand for casein from the major consuming countries (America, Korea and Japan) and fixed supply from the two major suppliers (New Zealand and the European Community). Various scenarios are run to gauge the effect of a drop in tariff rates in Korea and Japan and at various levels of European production. The study concludes with the recommendation to continue pushing for liberalisation in multilateral and bilateral negotiations particularly with the European Community.
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    Introducing heterarchy : a relational-contextual framework within the study of International Relations : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Politics at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2017) Beach, Brenton
    This thesis posits that for too long International Relations (IR) has been overly rigid and insular, discouraging cross-disciplinary cooperation within the social sciences and becoming increasingly irrelevant to policy-makers. IR academia tend to stick rigidly to their theoretical paradigms in interpreting the real world, straight-jacketing their thinking into theories that limit analysis. However, humans think relationally and contextually so why not apply this form of thinking to IR? Heterarchy, the theoretical framework presented here, seeks to overcome this silo effect, to expand IR’s relevance, and encompass previously barred academic areas to the sub-discipline. This thesis presents a new relational-contextual framework within which empirical variables can be situated to provide a different understanding of actors’ actions and speech acts within the IR field.1 Heterarchy sits in part within both foundationalist and anti-foundationalist ontologies, challenging both positivist and post-positive schools by relating the world through relationalcontextual rationales. Heterarchy suggests that IR (referring to the practice of international affairs) can best be understood from a sub-systemic viewpoint where the behavior of actors can only be observed by knowing the differing contexts between ‘self’ and ‘other’, and where relations continuously form and shape each actor; hence its relational-contextual nature. These relational-contexts are initiated through certain identifiable catalysts which stimulate similarly identifiable variables to expose actor relationships to the observer. While this does have constructivist and relativist underpinnings, heterarchy differentiates itself from both in terms of its approach and methodology. Having laid out this conceptual framework, the thesis then investigates how heterarchy might work empirically by exploring the Japanese-South Korean relationship which defies conventional understandings.
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    The world at her feet : an exploration of the experiences of cultural distance for professional female footballers : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Anthropology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2017) Gregorius, Sarah
    This research explores the experiences of five professional female football players from Australia and America who have spent time playing professional football in either South Korea or Japan. Qualitative data was collected from the participants through semi-structured interviews at, or near, the conclusion of their experience. Research participants’ insights were added to by the researcher’s own experiences of playing professional football in Japan. This exploration is an anthropological enquiry into the effect of playing professional sport in a culturally distant environment on a player’s sense of identity and their perceptions of success. Analysis of interviews revealed that success is both personal and subjective, and cannot be judged solely on the traditional empirical measures of success in sport, such as wins and losses, goals scored, or trophies won. A positive sense of personal growth and development was also expressed by all the athletes in the study, demonstrating that the effects of playing and living in a foreign country extend well beyond the playing field. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus alongside ideas drawn from occupational science, sports anthropology, and sociology, the findings show that cultural distance in a professional sporting context can both challenge and empower an individual in ways they often neither predict nor anticipate. This research contributes to an academic field that is relatively small, and demonstrates that sport can be an important domain where wider cultural and societal values are evident. This thesis illustrates the importance of acknowledging how players’ experiences on and off the field influence identity, personal growth, and success as they negotiate cultural distance while playing in foreign environments. The findings in this research can help players, coaches, managers, and sports administrators better understand and consider these effects to implement integration programmes and frameworks for smooth transitions into football, and life, for players from different cultural backgrounds. This research provides a foundation for further research into sports anthropology and professional women’s football, something that is vital as the popularity and participation in this global game continues to increase.
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    South Korean teachers' social-emotional practices and their association with student connectedness : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Educational Psychology at Massey University, Distance Learning, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2016) Han, Sharon
    Teachers’ social-emotional practices provide a promising avenue for fostering student well-being, particularly in countries such as South Korea where students experience disproportionate levels of stress. Little research has been conducted on teachers’ social-emotional practices internationally, and even less in the South Korean context. In the present research, two studies were conducted with South Korean middle-school students to explore Korean teachers’ social-emotional practices as perceived by students. Data were used to explore the underlying structure of students’ perspectives of teacher behaviours and group these behaviours into cohesive domains and profiles. A refined 88-item version of Harvey et al.’s (2003, 2012) teacher social-emotional behaviour inventory was used. In Study one, 30 students completed a card-sorting task where they sorted 88 social-emotional behaviour items according to perceived similarity. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to the data to produce visual representations of the structure of student-perceived teacher social-emotional practices. In Study two, 222 Korean middle-school students completed a rating task wherein they rated the extent to which they perceived their teacher to engage in each of the 88 social-emotional behaviours. A connectedness questionnaire assessing student feelings of connectedness to their teacher, school and peers was also completed. Application of Horn’s parallel analysis and rotated factor analysis on student rating data revealed five factors or themes of teacher social-emotional behaviours, interpreted as Social-emotional coaching, Relationship-building, Classroom and emotion management, Attitude to teaching, and Emotional transference. Then, factor analysis and Q-factor analysis were applied to identify profiles, where each profile represented a group of students who reported similar patterns of teacher behaviours for their homeroom teacher. Hierarchical cluster analysis and k-means cluster analysis were further applied to refine profiles by optimising case assignment to profiles. The resulting eight profiles were labelled: Enthusiastic Manager, Disengaged, Job-focused, Indifferent, Coach, Assured Coach, Transparent Manager, and Relationship-builder and Coach. Finally, the associations between the identified factors and profiles with student connectedness were explored using ANOVA. Results are compared and contrasted with existing literature and discussed with regard to potential usefulness of teacher social-emotional factors and profiles for enhancing student well-being.
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    A conceptual model of foreign investment : a forestry internationalization case between New Zealand and Korea : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Economics at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1994) Shin, Young-Woo
    The purpose of this thesis is to explore comprehensive, strategic investment structure by examining the factor interactions revolving around the current issues which confront New Zealand forestry internationalisation in the global economic perspectives. This thesis presents the prototype of a conceptual model of international forestry as a modified joint venture\ trust system by examining the existing institutional and legal structure. Considering the global, conceptual nature of this thesis, macro-theoretical and institutional approach were adopted instead of statistical, micro analysis. In order to derive a micro, realistic solution from the macro, global issues, the flow of basic logic and scope of this research has been advanced progressively such as Worldwide (global) --- Asia Pacific Rim (multilateral) Bilateral (eg., New Zealand versus Korea) --- Bilateral arrangement (eg., modified joint venture \ Trust system). Also, basic components and scenarios which are useful to seek out alternatives were proposed to solve the current problems which face New Zealand forestry. The conceptual model which is proposed in this thesis could be tested and applied not only in bilateral but also in multilateral trade and investment relationships by modifying it to adjust to specific circumstances. In this way, the credibility gap between the conceptual model and real world is greatly diminished. Ultimately, the conceptual model could contribute as a useful mechanism to analyse international factor mobility between resource-demanding and supplying countries.